Early-Life Origins of Adult Disease: National Longitudinal Population-Based Study of the United States

Johnson, Rucker C.; Schoeni, Robert F.

doi:10.2105/ajph.2011.300252

Cited by 183 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

124

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Children of low-SES parents are more likely to be born prematurely and to have low birth weight, even after adjusting for covariates (20,21). Low-SES children are also at heightened risk for morbidity and mortality (22)(23)(24) and of cognitive and developmental delays (25)(26)(27).…”

Section: Causality and Its Discontentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rigor, vigor, and the study of health disparities

Adler

Bush²,

Pantell

2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Health disparities research spans multiple fields and methods and documents strong links between social disadvantage and poor health. Associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and health are often taken as evidence for the causal impact of SES on health, but alternative explanations, including the impact of health on SES, are plausible. Studies showing the influence of parents' SES on their children's health provide evidence for a causal pathway from SES to health, but have limitations. Health disparities researchers face tradeoffs between "rigor" and "vigor" in designing studies that demonstrate how social disadvantage becomes biologically embedded and results in poorer health. Rigorous designs aim to maximize precision in the measurement of SES and health outcomes through methods that provide the greatest control over temporal ordering and causal direction. To achieve precision, many studies use a single SES predictor and single disease. However, doing so oversimplifies the multifaceted, entwined nature of social disadvantage and may overestimate the impact of that one variable and underestimate the true impact of social disadvantage on health. In addition, SES effects on overall health and functioning are likely to be greater than effects on any one disease. Vigorous designs aim to capture this complexity and maximize ecological validity through more complete assessment of social disadvantage and health status, but may provide less-compelling evidence of causality. Newer approaches to both measurement and analysis may enable enhanced vigor as well as rigor. Incorporating both rigor and vigor into studies will provide a fuller understanding of the causes of health disparities.methodology | social determinants of health | cumulative risk G ood health and longevity are unequally distributed in populations. Although some unavoidable variations in health emanate from individual differences in vulnerability to disease, others are linked to membership in socially disadvantaged groups. The latter are unjust and have been the focus of considerable research and policy (1). Research on these health disparities has demonstrated consistent graded associations between various components of socioeconomic status (SES) and a wide range of health indicators; at each step up the social ladder, whether indexed by higher income, education, and/or occupational level, rates of morbidity and mortality decrease (2). The prevailing understanding of this relationship is that SES is a "fundamental cause" of health status (3), which operates through physical and/or psychosocial resources that are more readily available as SES increases, and hardships and adverse exposures that are more intense and frequent as SES decreases.Evidence for the SES-health gradient comes primarily from cross-sectional data linking contemporaneous measures of SES in adulthood with prevalence of disease, poor health, or mortality. Smaller literatures have established associations between socioeconomic conditions in childhood and childhood health, and betwe...

show abstract

Section: Causality and Its Discontentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rigor, vigor, and the study of health disparities

Adler

Bush²,

Pantell

2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Furthermore, the recent upsurge in the prevalence and burden of non-communicable diseases in infectious disease endemic areas may be a threat to the integrity and sustenance of such partial immunity especially in the older age categories [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria among the Geriatric Population in Parts of South-Eastern Nigeria: Prevalence, Complications and Co-morbidity with Non-communicable Diseases

Um¹,

AN²

2016

Epidemiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study was done to ascertain malaria prevalence, its complications and co-morbidity with non communicable diseases among the geriatric population in parts of South-Eastern, Nigeria. Ninety two (92) consenting subjects between the ages of 50 and 80 years were recruited in Ihiagwa, South-Eastern Nigeria for the study. Blood samples collected from them were Giemsa stained and examined microscopically for malaria parasites. Clinical examination in addition to health facility records analysis were done to determine malaria signs and symptoms, complications and co-morbidity with non-communicable diseases.There was high malaria prevalence among study subjects. Respiratory involvement (28.2%) was the major complication associated with it while Diabetes Mellitus (44.5%) was found to be the most co-morbid non communicable disease. The older adults should be adequately included in malaria control programs. Further investigations into the pattern, dynamics and factors relating to malaria co morbidity with non communicable diseases among this age group should be given urgent attention.

show abstract

“…Small for gestational age (SGA) is less often associated with maternal diabetes per se, but has been reported in association with severe vascular complications [9,10] and can result in higher neonatal morbidity and mortality. Both birthweight extremes in offspring of mothers with diabetes are associated with a higher risk of complications during the pregnancy, labour and neonatal period [2,11] as well as with a potential increase in diseases in childhood and adulthood, including obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and metabolic syndrome [12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HbA1c and birthweight in women with pre-conception type 1 and type 2 diabetes: a population-based cohort study

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aims/hypothesis To investigate clinical and sociodemographic predictors of birthweight in singletons born to women with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Methods Normally formed singleton live births and intrapartum stillbirths, born to women with pre-conception diabetes during 1996-2008, were identified from the population-based Northern Diabetes in Pregnancy Survey (n01,505). Associations between potential predictors and birthweight were analysed by multiple regression. Results Potentially modifiable independent predictors of increase in birthweight were pre-pregnancy care (adjusted regression coefficient [b]087.1 g; 95% CI 12.9, 161.3), increasing third-trimester HbA 1c ≤7% (53 mmol/mol) (b0310.5 g per 1% [11 mmol/mol]; 95% CI 246.3, 374.7) and increasing maternal BMI (b09.5 g per 1 kg/m 2 ; 95% CI 3.5, 15.5). Smoking during pregnancy (b0−145.1 g; 95% CI −231.4, −58.8), later gestation at first antenatal visit (b0−15.0 g; 95% CI −26.9, −3.0) and higher peri-conception HbA 1c (b0−48.2 g; 95% CI −68.8, −27.6) were independently associated with birthweight reduction. Pre-pregnancy nephropathy (b 0−282.7 g; 95% CI −461.8, −103.6) and retinopathy (b0−175.5 g; 95% CI −269.9, −81.0) were independent non-modifiable predictors of reduced birthweight, while greater maternal height was a non-modifiable predictor of increasing birthweight (b017.8 g; 95% CI 12.3, 23.2). Other predictors of birthweight increase were male sex, multiparity and increasing gestational age at delivery. Type or duration of diabetes, socioeconomic status and ethnicity were not associated with continuous birthweight. Conclusions/interpretation Poor glycaemic control before and throughout pregnancy is associated with abnormal fetal growth, with increasing peri-conception HbA 1c predicting weight reduction and increasing third-trimester HbA 1c predicting increased birthweight. Women with microvascular complications of diabetes may require increased surveillance to detect fetal growth restriction.

show abstract

Early-Life Origins of Adult Disease: National Longitudinal Population-Based Study of the United States

Cited by 183 publications

References 18 publications

Rigor, vigor, and the study of health disparities

Rigor, vigor, and the study of health disparities

Malaria among the Geriatric Population in Parts of South-Eastern Nigeria: Prevalence, Complications and Co-morbidity with Non-communicable Diseases

HbA1c and birthweight in women with pre-conception type 1 and type 2 diabetes: a population-based cohort study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About