Early life risk factors for obesity in childhood: cohort study

Reilly, John J.; Armstrong, Julie; Dorosty, Ahmad Reza; Emmett, Pauline M; Ness, Andy R; Rogers, Imogen; Steer, Colin; Sherriff, Andrea

doi:10.1136/bmj.38470.670903.e0

Cited by 1,409 publications

(1,311 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Prenatal smoking and child overweight Our literature review yielded 14 studies eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis of smoking and overweight risk [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] ( Table 1). These studies included 84 563 children, and represent pregnancies that occurred from 1958 to 2002 in low and non-low income populations in Australia, North America, and Europe.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal smoking during pregnancy and child overweight: systematic review and meta-analysis

2007

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Objective: Perform a systematic review of studies reporting on the association between maternal prenatal cigarette smoking and child overweight. Design: Meta-analysis of observational studies. Data sources: Medline search and review of reference lists among studies published through June 2006. Review methods: Included studies reported an association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and risk of overweight among children at least 2 years of age. We did not include in the meta-analysis studies that provided only a continuous measure of adiposity, although those studies are discussed separately. Results: Based on results of 84 563 children reported in 14 observational studies, children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy were at elevated risk for overweight (pooled adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.50, 95% CI: 1.36, 1.65) at ages 3-33 years, compared with children whose mothers did not smoke during pregnancy. The pooled estimate from unadjusted odds ratios (OR 1.52, 95% CI: 1.36, 1.69) was similar to the adjusted estimate, suggesting that sociodemographic and behavioral differences between smokers and nonsmokers did not explain the observed association. Although we observed evidence for publication bias, simulating a symmetric set of studies yielded a similar estimate (OR 1.40, 95% CI: 1.26, 1.55). Conclusions:Prenatal smoking exposure appears to increase rates of overweight in childhood. In parts of the world undergoing the epidemiologic transition, the continuing increase in smoking among young women could contribute to spiraling increases in rates of obesity-related health outcomes in the 21st century.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal smoking during pregnancy and child overweight: systematic review and meta-analysis

2007

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“…18,42 These techniques demonstrate higher adiposity in children up to the age of 7 years and also in adults between 18 and 24 years who were born to mothers with raised BMI, and/or exposed to gestational diabetes in utero. [45][46][47][48] The association between raised maternal BMI and LGA birthweight or raised neonatal adiposity implies a direct effect on the developing fetus of an adverse uterine environment during pregnancy. It is difficult however to determine whether in the long term, raised BMI and adiposity in the offspring of obese mothers occur directly due to adverse uteroplacental priming of the fetus during the obese pregnancy (versus inherited genetic influences), or as a result of the indirect environmental influence of an "over-fed" home.…”

Section: Childhood Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The maternal and fetal impacts of obesity and gestational diabetes on pregnancy outcome

Dennedy

Dunne

2010

Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metab

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“…In these cross-sectional studies, parental obesity, low socio-economic status (SES), high weight gain during infancy and television (TV) viewing were found as main determinants of prevalence. Contrary to cross-sectional data, there are only very few longitudinal studies investigating the development of overweight (14,(18)(19)(20)(21) . In these studies parental overweight was found as the main determinant.…”

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confidence: 99%

Determinants of the prevalence and incidence of overweight in children and adolescents

Plachta-Danielzik

Landsberg

Johannsen

et al. 2010

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To systematically analyse determinants of overweight prevalence and incidence in children and adolescents, as a basis of treatment and prevention. Design: Cross-sectional and longitudinal data of the Kiel Obesity Prevention Study (KOPS). Setting: Schools in Kiel, Germany. Subjects: Cross-sectional data from 6249 students aged 5-16 years and 4-year longitudinal data from 1087 children aged 5-11 years. Weight status of students was assessed and familial factors (weight status of parents and siblings, smoking habits), social factors (socio-economic status, nationality, single parenting), birth weight as well as lifestyle variables (physical activity, media time, nutrition) were considered as independent variables in multivariate logistic regression analyses to predict the likelihood of the student being overweight. Results: The cross-sectional data revealed the prevalence of overweight as 18?3 % in boys and 19?2 % in girls. In both sexes determinants of overweight prevalence were overweight and obese parents, overweight siblings, parental smoking, single parenthood and non-German nationality. High birth weight and low physical activity additionally increased the risk in boys. High media time and low parental education were significant determinants in girls. Effect of media time was mediated by maternal weight status in boys as well as by socio-economic status and age in girls. From the longitudinal data, the 4-year cumulative incidence of overweight was 10?0 % in boys and 8?2 % in girls. Parental obesity, parental smoking and low physical activity were determinants of overweight incidence in boys, whereas paternal obesity increased the risk in girls.Conclusions: Treatment and prevention should address family and social determinants with a focus on physical activity and media use.Childhood obesity is a major public health challenge. At present there is a lack of convincing evidence about suitable and effective strategies for the prevention of childhood overweight. Recently, an obesity prevention evidence framework has been proposed (1) . Key policies include: (i) building a case for action on obesity; (ii) identifying contributing factors and points of intervention; (iii) defining opportunities for action; (iv) evaluating potential interventions; and (v) selecting a portfolio of specific policies, programmes and actions. Therefore, a systematic analysis of determinants of overweight in the micro-as well as the macro-environment is necessary to provide a sound basis for developing strategies against overweight. The systematic analysis should include an analysis of the determinants of overweight prevalence as well as overweight incidence, separately. Childhood overweight (and not only obesity) is predictive for adult morbidity and mortality (2) . In addition, the life-long persistence and health consequences of overweight and obesity in many children suggest a strong need for the prevention of overweight (2) . Primary prevention strategies address the whole population, in particular normalweight sub...

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Early life risk factors for obesity in childhood: cohort study

Abstract: Eight factors in early life are associated with an increased risk of obesity in childhood.

Cited by 1,409 publications

References 23 publications

Maternal smoking during pregnancy and child overweight: systematic review and meta-analysis

Maternal smoking during pregnancy and child overweight: systematic review and meta-analysis

The maternal and fetal impacts of obesity and gestational diabetes on pregnancy outcome

Determinants of the prevalence and incidence of overweight in children and adolescents

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