Early life stress and substance use disorders: The critical role of adolescent substance use

Kirsch, Dylan; Lippard, Elizabeth

doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173360

Cited by 31 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 264 publications

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“…Despite these uncertainties, dysregulation of the HPA axis (both hypo- and hyper-activity) is implicated in substance misuse and disorder. 63 , 64 It is possible these reflect multiple pathways to substance misuse, with researchers hypothesizing that those with a hyper-reactive HPA axis may be more likely to engage in substance use to dampen the resulting negative affect. 65 , 66 The HPA axis interacts with brain regions and systems, such as the hippocampus, amygdala, pre-frontal cortex, and mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic pathway, involved in cognition, memory, impulse control, emotional regulation, threat, and reward processing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 63 , 68 Indeed, differences in function and structure of these brain regions have been shown to mediate the relationship between ACEs and subsequent alcohol dependence. 63 , 68 Animal models support a causal role of early-life stress on reward sensitivity, demonstrating enduring changes in the dopamine response to drugs following maternal separation or handling in rats. 43 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

An Umbrella Review of the Links Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Substance Misuse: What, Why, and Where Do We Go from Here?

Grummitt¹,

Barrett²,

Kelly³

et al. 2022

SAR

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Background and Objectives A wealth of research has identified adverse childhood experiences (ACEs; abuse, neglect, violence or disorder in the home) as a strong risk factor for substance misuse. Synthesis of the existing evidence is critical to shape policy and inform directions for future research. Existing reviews have focused on specific substances or substance use outcomes (eg, disorder), and do not include discussion of the mechanisms that operate between ACEs and substance misuse. The current umbrella review aims to synthesize reviews on the relationship between ACEs and substance misuse, review the evidence on the mechanisms linking these, identify existing gaps in our knowledge, and discuss critical directions for future research, practice, and public policy. Methods Two electronic databases (PsycINFO and Medline) were searched for reviews published between 1998 and 2022 on the link between ACEs and substance misuse. Twenty articles met eligibility criteria and were qualitatively synthesized. Results Results overwhelmingly demonstrated an elevated risk of substance misuse or disorder, among adolescents and adults exposed to ACEs. Research on the mechanisms that explain this link highlights a multitude of potential intervention targets, with childhood stress propelling a cascade of effects across neurobiological, endocrine, immune, metabolic, and nervous systems, impacting psychosocial and cognitive functioning. Nonetheless, the literature is subject to limitations surrounding potential unmeasured cofounders and causality, as well as decontextualizing childhood adversity from broader structural issues that influence the link between ACEs and substance misuse. Research, policy, and practice that seek to holistically understand and address the relationship between ACEs and substance misuse within the broader social determinants of health is crucial.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Umbrella Review of the Links Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Substance Misuse: What, Why, and Where Do We Go from Here?

Grummitt¹,

Barrett²,

Kelly³

et al. 2022

SAR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Our neuroimaging analyses focused on meta-analytic ROIs selectively associated with self- and affiliation-related processing; however, this approach may be somewhat neuroanatomically and conceptually limited given the complex family dynamics at play. Specifically, early life stress is known to influence neurodevelopmental alterations in corticolimbic regions (34,72) that are linked to psychopathology (73) and substance use (74). To expand the current analytic framework and examine additional regions sensitive to maladaptive developmental processes, we conducted further analyses on sub-regions of the amygdala, hippocampus, insula, and striatum (SI, Alternate Analysis 2; Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acculturative orientations among Hispanic/Latinx caregivers in the ABCD Study: Associations with caregiver and youth mental health and youth brain function

Meca

Peraza

Riedel

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Population-based neuroscience offers opportunities to examine important but understudied sociocultural factors, such as acculturation. Acculturation refers to the extent to which an individual retains their cultural heritage and/or adopts the receiving society's culture and is particularly salient among Hispanic/Latinx immigrants. Acculturation has been linked to vulnerability to substance use, depression, and suicide and is known to influence family dynamics between caregivers and their children. Methods: We investigated first- and second-generation Hispanic/Latinx caregivers in the ABCD Study and examined how caregivers' acculturative orientation impacts their mental health, as well as the mental health and brain function of their children. Neuroimaging analyses focused on regions associated with self- and affiliation-based social processing (ventromedial prefrontal cortex, insula, and temporoparietal junction). Results: We identified two profiles of caregiver acculturation: bicultural (retains heritage culture while adopting US culture) and detached (discards heritage culture and rejects US culture). Bicultural caregivers exhibited fewer internalizing and externalizing problems compared to detached caregivers; further, youth exhibited similar internalizing effects across caregiver profiles. In addition, youth with bicultural caregivers displayed increased resting-state brain activity (i.e., fALFF and ReHo) in the left insula, which has been linked to psychopathology; however, differences in long-range functional connectivity were not significant. Conclusions: Caregiver acculturation is an important familial factor linked to significant differences in youth mental health and insula activity. Future work should examine sociocultural and neurodevelopmental changes across adolescence to assess long-term outcomes and determine whether localized, corticolimbic brain effects are ultimately translated into long-range connectivity differences.

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“…Alcohol use in EAs is commonly in the form of heavy and binge drinking [ 87 ]. However, alcohol dependence does occur, especially in those with predisposing factors such as mental illness and family history of substance use, and vulnerable social and environmental factors such as adverse childhood experiences [ 88 , 89 , 90 ]. Binge and heavy drinking in adolescents are associated with changes in frontal and temporal lobes, as well as interconnecting networks associated with learning, memory, visuospatial functioning, psychomotor speed, attention, executive functioning, and impulsivity [ 91 ].…”

Section: Lifestyle Factors Affecting Gm and Mental Health: Diet Physi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Drugs, Guts, Brains, but Not Rock and Roll: The Need to Consider the Role of Gut Microbiota in Contemporary Mental Health and Wellness of Emerging Adults

Lee

Walton

O’Connor³

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Emerging adulthood (ages 18–25) is a critical period for neurobiological development and the maturation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. Recent findings also suggest that a natural perturbation of the gut microbiota (GM), combined with other factors, may create a unique vulnerability during this period of life. The GM of emerging adults is thought to be simpler, less diverse, and more unstable than either younger or older people. We postulate that this plasticity in the GM suggests a role in the rising mental health issues seen in westernized societies today via the gut–brain–microbiota axis. Studies have paid particular attention to the diversity of the microbiota, the specific function and abundance of bacteria, and the production of metabolites. In this narrative review, we focus specifically on diet, physical activity/exercise, substance use, and sleep in the context of the emerging adult. We propose that this is a crucial period for establishing a stable and more resilient microbiome for optimal health into adulthood. Recommendations will be made about future research into possible behavioral adjustments that may be beneficial to endorse during this critical period to reduce the probability of a “dysbiotic” GM and the emergence and severity of mental health concerns.

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Early life stress and substance use disorders: The critical role of adolescent substance use

Cited by 31 publications

References 264 publications

An Umbrella Review of the Links Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Substance Misuse: What, Why, and Where Do We Go from Here?

An Umbrella Review of the Links Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Substance Misuse: What, Why, and Where Do We Go from Here?

Acculturative orientations among Hispanic/Latinx caregivers in the ABCD Study: Associations with caregiver and youth mental health and youth brain function

Drugs, Guts, Brains, but Not Rock and Roll: The Need to Consider the Role of Gut Microbiota in Contemporary Mental Health and Wellness of Emerging Adults

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