Early Maladaptive Schemas and Mental Disorders in Adulthood: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Abstract

Early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) are broad and pervasive themes regarding oneself and one’s relationships with others originating from adverse childhood experiences. Although the concept of EMSs was initially developed for the treatment of personality disorders, the associations of EMSs with a variety of other mental disorders have been investigated. The goal of the present study was to summarize and analyze the EMSs-disorder associations in studies in which patients with specific psychiatric diagnoses were compared to healthy controls. Of the 28 studies that met the inclusion criteria, 27 were included in a meta-analysis. Across diagnoses, all EMSs were elevated in the clinical groups. The largest effect sizes were observed for the social isolation, the negativity/pessimism, the defectiveness/shame, and social undesirability schemas. Depression (n = 8), borderline personality disorder (n = 5), and obsessive–compulsive disorder (n = 5) were the most frequently studied mental disorders. Heterogeneity between studies was high. Results suggest that mental disorders are not characterized by specific EMSs.

Poznawcze uwarunkowania uwikłania w mobbing – rozważania teoretyczne

“…Dysponujemy natomiast pośrednimi dowodami sugeruj¹cymi znaczenie WNS w rozwoju zachowañ agresywnych. Wydaje siê, ¿e WNS mog¹ sprzyjaae rozwojowi agresywnych skryptów (czyli wzorców behawioralnych agresywnego reagowania na sytuacje spo³eczne) [30]. Huang, Molenbergh i Mussap [31] w swoich badaniach wykazali, ¿e schematy z obszaru os³abionej autonomii i obszaru uszkodzonych granic s¹ zwi¹zane z wystêpowaniem agresji u kobiet i mê¿czyzn.…”

Psychometric properties of the Young’s Early Maladaptive Schema Questionnaire – Short Form (YSQ-S3) in Colombia

“…EMSs have been theoretically and empirically linked to personality disorders (Aloi et al, 2020a;Carr & Francis, 2010;Sempértegui et al, 2013), interpersonal problems (Janovsky et al, 2019(Janovsky et al, , 2020Mojallal et al, 2015;Thimm, 2013), emotional and affective symptomatology (Aloi et al, 2020a;Calvete, 2014), social phobia and automatic thoughts (Trip, 2006), psychoactive substance abuse (Bojed & Nikmanesh, 2013;Shaghaghy et al, 2011), behavioral addictions (Aloi et al, 2020b), and general psychiatric symptoms (Nordahl et al, 2005). The conceptualization of EMSs and the empirical evidence of their maladaptive role resulted in the creation of schema therapy (Young et al, 2015).…”

Early Parenting Interactions and First-Time Mothers’ Postnatal Depression and Parental Competence

“…The link between EMS and mental health in adulthood is well established. In addition to numerous individual studies, recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses provide strong evidence for the link between EMS and mental health disorders in adolescence and adulthood [1,[6][7][8][9]. For example, all 18 EMS were related to depression in a recent meta-analysis, with schemas associated with feeling flawed, defective, unlovable, and socially excluded being the most strongly associated with depression [6].…”