Early Marriage in Pakistan: So Little Done, but So Much to Do

Ashiq, Uzma; Abbas, Nargis; Asad, Amir Zada

doi:10.26710/jbsee.v6i4.1469

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…level was an independent predictor of early marriage in Malawi [69]. This may be because education gives people the knowledge they need to understand their rights and decide on marriage with knowledge [70]. In contrast, those who had no formal education can't exercise their legal age of marriage which intern leads to early marriage.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 98%

Early marriage and its associated factors among women in Ethiopia: Systematic reviews and meta-analysis

Gebeyehu,

Gesese,

Tegegne

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Background Early marriage is defined as the union of one or both partners before reaching the age of 18 for the first time. This practice is widely prevalent in underdeveloped countries, particularly in Ethiopia, and has been observed to have detrimental effects on the educational and personal development of both male and female individuals. Methods The present study conducted a comprehensive search of the Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and PubMed databases. The data were extracted using Microsoft Excel (version 14) and analyzed using STATA statistical software. To examine publication bias, a forest plot, rank test, and Egger’s regression test were utilized. Heterogeneity was assessed by calculating I2 and conducting an overall estimated analysis. Additionally, subgroup analysis was performed based on the study region and sample size. The pooled odds ratio was calculated. Results Out of a total of 654 articles, 14 papers with 67,040 research participants were included in this analysis. The pooled prevalence of early marriage among women in Ethiopia was 56.34% (95% CI: 51.34–61.34), I2 = 78.3%). The Amhara region exhibited the highest prevalence of early marriage, with a rate of 59.01%, whereas the Oromia region demonstrated the lowest incidence, with a prevalence rate of 53.88%. The prevalence of early marriage was found to be 58.1% for a sample size exceeding 1000, and 50.9% for a sample size below 1000. No formal education (AOR = 5.49; 95%CI: 2.99, 10.07), primary education (AOR = 3.65; 95%CI: 2.11, 6.32), secondary education (AOR = 2.49; 95%CI: 1.60, 3.87), rural residency (AOR = 4.52; 95%CI: 1.90, 10.74) and decision made by parents (AOR = 2.44; 95%CI: 1.36, 4.39) were associated factors. Conclusion and recommendation In Ethiopia, there was a high rate of early marriage among women. The research findings indicate that early marriage is more prevalent among mothers who possess lower levels of educational attainment, reside in rural areas, and are subject to parental decision-making. Our stance is firmly in favor of expanding the availability of maternal education and promoting urban residency. Furthermore, the promotion of autonomous decision-making by clients regarding their marital affairs is of paramount importance to family leaders.

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Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 98%

Early marriage and its associated factors among women in Ethiopia: Systematic reviews and meta-analysis

Gebeyehu,

Gesese,

Tegegne

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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“…Another study estimated the prevalence of unintended pregnancies to be as high as 46%, based on induced abortion rates (9) (Godha et al, 2013). These figures, however, may not fully capture the true extent of the issue (10) (Ashiq et al, 2020). Unwanted pregnancies not only impose financial and social burdens but are also linked to harmful maternal behaviors like alcohol consumption, smoking, and delayed prenatal care.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Child Marriages, Unintended Pregnancies, and its impact on the Health of Young Girls in South Punjab

Iqbal,

Sial

2023

JHRR

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Background: Unwanted pregnancies are a significant public health issue in South Punjab, Pakistan, largely due to low contraception use and a substantial unmet need for family planning. The high fertility rate and maternal mortality in the region are further compounded by the prevalence of unwanted pregnancies, which also contribute to educational dropouts among girls and affect maternal health adversely. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the impact of education level, household size, wealth index, and type of residency on pregnancy intentions among women in Southern Punjab. Methods: Utilizing a survey design, data from 1,100 women aged 13 to 49, both from slum and non-slum areas across several districts in Southern Punjab, were analysed. Logistic regression and simple percentages were employed to assess the associations between socio-demographic factors and pregnancy intentions. Results: The results indicated that women with higher education levels had a higher proportion of intended pregnancies (220 out of 320, 68.75%) compared to those with no education (20 out of 70, 28.57%). In terms of household size, smaller households (1-2 persons) had a higher incidence of intended pregnancies (60 out of 130, 46.15%) compared to larger households (6 or more persons, 230 out of 490, 46.94%). Regarding the wealth index, the 'rich' category showed a higher likelihood of intended pregnancies (200 out of 255, 78.43%) compared to the 'poor' category (200 out of 530, 37.74%). Additionally, women residing in non-slum areas reported a higher rate of intended pregnancies (340 out of 550, 61.82%) than those in slum areas (350 out of 550, 63.64%). Conclusion: The study underscores the influence of socio-demographic factors on pregnancy intentions. Education level, household size, wealth index, and type of residency are pivotal in determining the likelihood of intended pregnancies. Tailoring family planning initiatives to these factors can significantly improve reproductive health outcomes in Southern Punjab.

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“…In patriarchal society like rural Sindh, there is the custom of aged parents living with sons whereas parayi (not own) word is used for daughter because after marrying she would be shifted to husband's house (Agha, 2018), whereas married sons continue as permanent members of the parental households. In the context of culture, to upbring a daughter is regarded as showering water on neighboring tree (Ashiq et al, 2020;Malik, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Socio-Economic Conditions and Living Arrangements of Aged Widows of Rural Sindh

Mugheri

Khushik

Qadeer

2023

PJGS

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This paper presents outcomes of a study that was conducted to assess myriad problems faced by old widows in rural areas of second largest province of Pakistan, Sindh. As already, there is inadequate data on the social, economic and living arrangements of aged widows of Rural Sindh. Through this research survey, gap of information on social, economic, and living arrangements of Sindhi rural aged widows is filled by primary survey data. The sample of 384 Respondents of age 60 and above was chosen by infinite population formula and respondents for collecting data were selected by using convenience sampling technique from the six rural districts of Sindh. Descriptive statistics were applied to analyze data. The results suggest that there is strong preference of son and who is considered as old age protection for aged widows, and even today residing with son is regarded as popular cultural practice in Rural Sindh. The high number of aged widows was economically dependent on their sons. Absence of old age pension, no parallel remuneration and lack of skills in aged widows are some factors which are strongly influencing and creating very severe socio-economic consequences for widows in later age. Also, because of urbanization, the extended family culture is transforming to nuclear family drastically and ultimately, it is affecting largely on the living arrangements of aged widows.

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Early Marriage in Pakistan: So Little Done, but So Much to Do

Cited by 3 publications

References 11 publications

Early marriage and its associated factors among women in Ethiopia: Systematic reviews and meta-analysis

Early marriage and its associated factors among women in Ethiopia: Systematic reviews and meta-analysis

Early Child Marriages, Unintended Pregnancies, and its impact on the Health of Young Girls in South Punjab

Analysis of the Socio-Economic Conditions and Living Arrangements of Aged Widows of Rural Sindh

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