Early marriage, stressful life events and risk of suicide and suicide attempt: a case–control study in Iran

Abstract

Background Early Marriage (EM) and associated Stressful Life Events (SLEs) and consequences such as psychological and physical well-being issues can lead to suicide and suicide attempts (SA). The study aimed to investigate the risk of suicide and SA among early married people who experienced SLEs. Methods A case–control study was conducted based on the registry for suicide in Malekan county in Iran during 2016–18. Cases included 154 SAs and 32 suicides. Simultaneously, 201 outpatients from the emergency department were chosen as controls. Holms and Rahe life event questionnaire was used to assess SLEs. Sub-group analysis (Mantel–Haenszel) by sex and age groups and multiple logistic regression were used to calculate adjusted Odds Ratios (ORs) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) for the association between EM and suicide risk after adjusting for the potential confounders. Results The proportion (female vs male) of EM among suicides, controls, and SAs was 31.25% (18.7 vs 12.5%), 15.92% (11.9 vs 4.0%), and 13.0% (11.7 vs 1.3%), respectively. In subgroup analyses by sex, EM was associated with an increased risk of suicide in both females and males 2.64 and 2.36 times, respectively. Likewise, subgroup analysis by age groups revealed that EM increased suicide risk in subjects aged 10–15 years, while no association was found for age groups of 26–40 and > 40. After adjusting for the potential confounders, EM (OR: 3.01; 95% CI: 1.15 -7.29), financial problems (OR = 4.50; 95% CI: 1.83 -9.07), and family problems (OR = 2.60; 95% CI: 1.19—9.59), were associated with an increased risk of suicide. However, no association was found between EM, various types of SLEs, and the risk of SA. Conclusions We found EM and SLEs were correlated with suicide risk, while no evidence found that EM increased the risk of SA. Progress in reducing EM and addressing its serious consequences can occur by a stronger political commitment and by sharing the experiences and voices of the early married. Our study provided preliminary findings to guide future studies; however, methodological and longitudinal studies are needed to understand and address the effect of EM on suicidal behaviors.

Awareness of Female hNursing Students of the Risk Factor Regarding Early Marriage

“…Table (1) shows that, 71.1% of female nursing students their age was 19 years, the mean ± SD of age is 18.86 ± 0.79 years. As regard to ranking between sibling, 53.7% of them were the second child.…”

“…Early marriage can have a negative impact on girls' psychological and physical health, therefore choosing the right marriage time is crucial to achieving goals in terms of fertility health, nutrition for mothers and children, gender equity, livelihoods, and the advancement of education and employment. An evidence-based set of suggested treatments for teenage girls addresses reducing early marriage and postponing weddings or marrying at an appropriate age (1) .…”

Psychological adverse effects of COVID-19 pandemic on health service providers: an online survey

“…In Iran, the prevalence of MDD was estimated at 4.1% (3.1-5.1), in a systematic review and meta-analysis [42]. An increase in the prevalence of depressive symptoms can elevate the probability of suicidal behaviors and suicide re-attempt [43][44][45][46].…”

Effective suicide prevention strategies in primary healthcare settings: a systematic review

“…Evidence frequently highlighted that depression and psychiatric disorders are a robust alarm to predict suicide and suicidal behaviors [35][36][37]. It is estimated that depression is the most prevalent mental disorder in cases who decease by suicide [38,39]. In a study [31] conducted among depressed patients in Germany, a 2-year intervention program decreased suicide attempts.…”