Early maternal separation: Neurobehavioral consequences in mother rats

Aguggia, Julieta Paola; Suárez, Marta María Vidal; Rivarola, María Angélica

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2013.03.040

Cited by 64 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Recent publications indicate that maternal separation in the early days induces alterations in behavior [31, 32]. The 0.8 FA-AD, 0.8 FA-naive and 1.2 FA-naive groups, which suffered from repetitive maternal separation for 2 hours a day similar to the 1.2 FA-AD group, showed few signs of behavioral alterations or growth retardation compared to the Air-AD or Air-naive groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Formaldehyde-Induced Aggravation of Pruritus and Dermatitis Is Associated with the Elevated Expression of Th1 Cytokines in a Rat Model of Atopic Dermatitis

Han¹,

Back²,

Lee³

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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Atopic dermatitis is a complex disease of heterogeneous pathogenesis, in particular, genetic predisposition, environmental triggers, and their interactions. Indoor air pollution, increasing with urbanization, plays a role as environmental risk factor in the development of AD. However, we still lack a detailed picture of the role of air pollution in the development of the disease. Here, we examined the effect of formaldehyde (FA) exposure on the manifestation of atopic dermatitis and the underlying molecular mechanism in naive rats and in a rat model of atopic dermatitis (AD) produced by neonatal capsaicin treatment. The AD and naive rats were exposed to 0.8 ppm FA, 1.2 ppm FA, or fresh air (Air) for 6 weeks (2 hours/day and 5 days/week). So, six groups, namely the 1.2 FA-AD, 0.8 FA-AD, Air-AD, 1.2 FA-naive, 0.8 FA-naive and Air-naive groups, were established. Pruritus and dermatitis, two major symptoms of atopic dermatitis, were evaluated every week for 6 weeks. After that, samples of the blood, the skin and the thymus were collected from the 1.2 FA-AD, the Air-AD, the 1.2 FA-naive and the Air-naive groups. Serum IgE levels were quantified with ELISA, and mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines from extracts of the skin and the thymus were calculated with qRT-PCR. The dermatitis and pruritus significantly worsened in 1.2 FA-AD group, but not in 0.8 FA-AD, compared to the Air-AD animals, whereas FA didn't induce any symptoms in naive rats. Consistently, the levels of serum IgE were significantly higher in 1.2 FA-AD than in air-AD, however, there was no significant difference following FA exposure in naive animals. In the skin, mRNA expression levels of Th1 cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly higher in the 1.2 FA-AD rats compared to the air-AD rats, whereas mRNA expression levels of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13), IL-17A and TSLP were significantly higher in 1.2 FA-naive group than in the Air-naive group. These results suggested that 1.2 ppm of FA penetrated the injured skin barrier, and exacerbated Th1 responses and serum IgE level in the AD rats so that dermatitis and pruritus were aggravated, while the elevated expression of Th2 cytokines by 1.2 ppm of FA in naive rats was probably insufficient for clinical manifestation. In conclusion, in a rat model of atopic dermatitis, exposure to 1.2 ppm of FA aggravated pruritus and skin inflammation, which was associated with the elevated expression of Th1 cytokines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Formaldehyde-Induced Aggravation of Pruritus and Dermatitis Is Associated with the Elevated Expression of Th1 Cytokines in a Rat Model of Atopic Dermatitis

Han¹,

Back²,

Lee³

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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“…Maternal stress during pregnancy, similarly to stressors after birth, can affect the correct development of the offspring (Relier, 2001; Weinstock, 2008; Charil et al, 2010). Of the postnatal stressors in rats, early maternal deprivation has been studied for years and has been used to investigate the effects of stress on the offspring's behavior and physiology (Aguggia et al, 2013). Commonly, the offspring exposed to alterations in mother–pup interaction reports long‐lasting modifications of both behavior and developmental parameters (Pryce and Feldon, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal deprivation alters nociceptive response in a gender‐dependent manner in rats

Ströher

Oliveira

Lopes

et al. 2019

Intl J of Devlp Neuroscience

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The present study aimed at investigating both the early and long‐term effects of maternal deprivation as well as gender on neuromotor reflexes, anxiety behavior and thermal nociceptive responses. A total of 64 Wistar rats pups (32 males, 32 females) were utilized and were deprived of their mother for 3 h/daily, from postnatal day 1 (P1) until P10. Successively, animals were divided into 2 groups: control group (C) ‐ pups no subjected to intervention; and the maternal‐deprived group (MD): pups subjected to maternal deprivation. The neuromotor reflexes were evaluated through the righting reflex and negative geotaxis tests; the exploratory behavior by open field test (OFT); the anxiety‐like behavior by elevated plus‐maze test (EPM); the thermal nociceptive responses byhot plate (HP) and tail‐flick (TFL) tests. All the animals subjected to maternal deprivation showed a delayed reflex response at P8 in the negative geotaxis test. In contrast, the OFT at P20 identified an effect of gender on the outer crossings and grooming as well as an interaction between gender and maternal deprivation on latency. Additionally, effect of maternal deprivation in the open and closed arms as well as gender effect in the protected head‐dipping (PHD) and non‐protected head‐dipping (NPHD) were observed at P20 (EPM). In contrast, there were a gender effect on latency and an interaction between gender and maternal deprivation on rearing at P42. Moreover, in nociceptive tests was observed an analgesic effect induced by maternal deprivation; however, in the TFL test, only deprived females showed this effect. Surprisingly, only control animals presented an ontogeny nociceptive effect in the HP testat P21 and P43, which may be related to an increase in the inhibitory nociceptive pathways throughout life. In this way, we suggest maternal deprivation to be able to anticipate the maturation of the inhibitory nociceptive pathway. In conclusion, maternal deprivation induced a delayed reflex response at P8 and altered the anxiety and nociceptive behaviors according to the time after exposure to this stressor, in a gender‐specific manner.

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“…30 Other commonly used paradigms to assess the effects of stress on the microbiota, such as maternal deprivation, may also involve alterations to infant diet, since maternal separation is also stressful for the dam and stressor exposure has been shown to affect breast milk volume 35 as well as maternal and/or nursing behavior. 36 The effects of stressor exposure on diet may be even more problematic in human studies, with natural stressors, such as the stress of taking school exams, also being associated with alterations in diet. 28 Such interactions between stressor exposure and diet make it difficult to determine whether stressor effects on the microbiota occur independently of changes in diet.…”

Section: Stress the Stress Response And Impact On Gut Physiologicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of stressor exposure on the interplay between commensal microbiota and host inflammation

2014

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Early maternal separation: Neurobehavioral consequences in mother rats

Cited by 64 publications

References 34 publications

Formaldehyde-Induced Aggravation of Pruritus and Dermatitis Is Associated with the Elevated Expression of Th1 Cytokines in a Rat Model of Atopic Dermatitis

Formaldehyde-Induced Aggravation of Pruritus and Dermatitis Is Associated with the Elevated Expression of Th1 Cytokines in a Rat Model of Atopic Dermatitis

Maternal deprivation alters nociceptive response in a gender‐dependent manner in rats

Impact of stressor exposure on the interplay between commensal microbiota and host inflammation

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