Early nomads of the Eastern Steppe and their tentative connections in the West

Savelyev, Alexander; Jeong, Choongwon

doi:10.1017/ehs.2020.18

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…[8][9][10] shows a general trend for Neolithic individuals from Mongolia to contain high Amur-like ancestry with extensive gene flow from western Eurasia increasing from the Bronze to Middle Ages 37 . Whereas the Turkic-speaking Xiongnu 38 , Old Uyghur and Türk are extremely scattered, the Mongolic-speaking 39 Iron Age Xianbei fall closer to the Amur cluster than the Shiwei, Rouran, Khitan and Middle Mongolian Khanate from Antiquity and the Middle Ages.…”

Section: Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The sites date from 8400-1700 bp and include the Early Neolithic to Bronze Age in northeast China, the Middle Neolithic Zaisanovka culture in the Primorye, the Middle-Late Neolithic Chulmun and Bronze Age Mumun cultures in Korea, and the Late Neolithic-Bronze Age Final Jomon and Yayoi cultures in western Japan. Categories of cultural traits scored comprised ceramics (70), stone tools (38), buildings (9), plant and animal remains (26), shell and bone artefacts (17) and burials (12). Definitions of scored features are found in Supplementary Data 6 (sheet 2) and further discussion of scoring methods can be found in Supplementary Data 7.…”

Section: Archaeologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Triangulation supports agricultural spread of the Transeurasian languages

Robbeets

Bouckaert

Conte

et al. 2021

Nature

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The origin and early dispersal of speakers of Transeurasian languages—that is, Japanese, Korean, Tungusic, Mongolic and Turkic—is among the most disputed issues of Eurasian population history1–3. A key problem is the relationship between linguistic dispersals, agricultural expansions and population movements4,5. Here we address this question by ‘triangulating’ genetics, archaeology and linguistics in a unified perspective. We report wide-ranging datasets from these disciplines, including a comprehensive Transeurasian agropastoral and basic vocabulary; an archaeological database of 255 Neolithic–Bronze Age sites from Northeast Asia; and a collection of ancient genomes from Korea, the Ryukyu islands and early cereal farmers in Japan, complementing previously published genomes from East Asia. Challenging the traditional ‘pastoralist hypothesis’6–8, we show that the common ancestry and primary dispersals of Transeurasian languages can be traced back to the first farmers moving across Northeast Asia from the Early Neolithic onwards, but that this shared heritage has been masked by extensive cultural interaction since the Bronze Age. As well as marking considerable progress in the three individual disciplines, by combining their converging evidence we show that the early spread of Transeurasian speakers was driven by agriculture.

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Section: Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Archaeologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Triangulation supports agricultural spread of the Transeurasian languages

Robbeets

Bouckaert

Conte

et al. 2021

Nature

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“…While we can conclude that the Rouran most likely called themselves Avars, to what extent the European Avars were descended from them has been debated ( Dobrovits, 2003 ; Pohl, 2018 ). Here, we present genomic data that provide a new basis to reconstruct the early medieval long-distance movements of steppe peoples ( Alves et al., 2016 ; Damgaard et al., 2018 ; Gnecchi-Ruscone et al., 2021 ) and an opportunity to integrate genetic, historical, and archaeological evidence ( Savelyev and Jeong, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancient genomes reveal origin and rapid trans-Eurasian migration of 7th century Avar elites

Ruscone

Szécsényi-Nagy

Koncz

et al. 2022

Cell

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“…There is an approximately 200-year-long gap between the disappearance of the Xiongnus (155 CE) and the appearance of European Huns (370 CE) in historical sources. In the absence of conclusive evidence, the Xiongnu-Hun relations have been debated [46]. However, both the genetic data and the archaeological record provide growing evidence that during this period the Xiongnus resided between the Altai and the Urals, mostly in Ugric territories.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Linguistic, Archaeological and Genetic Perspectives Unfold the Origin of Ugrians

Török

2023

Genes

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In the last year two publications shed new light on the linguistic and genomic history of ancient Uralic speakers. Here I show that these novel genetic and linguistic data are compatible with each-other and with the archaeological inferences, allowing us to formulate a very plausible hypothesis about the prehistory of Ugric speakers. Both genetic and archaeological data indicate the admixture of the Mezhovskaya population with northern forest hunters in the late Bronze Age, which gave rise to a “proto-Ugric” community. This finding is consistent with the linguistic reconstruction of the proto-Ugric language. Genetic data indicate an admixture of proto-Hungarians with early Sarmatians and early Huns, and I show that the first admixture can be reconciled with the formation of the Gorokhovo culture and its integration into the early Sarmatian Prokhorovka culture, while the second admixture corresponds to the transformation of the Sargat and Sarmatian cultures due to Xiongnu invasions.

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Early nomads of the Eastern Steppe and their tentative connections in the West

Abstract: Abstract

Cited by 8 publications

References 32 publications

Triangulation supports agricultural spread of the Transeurasian languages

Triangulation supports agricultural spread of the Transeurasian languages

Ancient genomes reveal origin and rapid trans-Eurasian migration of 7th century Avar elites

Integrating Linguistic, Archaeological and Genetic Perspectives Unfold the Origin of Ugrians

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