Early Occurrence of Respiratory Muscle Deoxygenation Assessed by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy During Leg Exercise in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure

Terakado, Setsuo; Takeuchi, Tōru; Miura, Takeshi; Sato, Hiroshi; Nishioka, Naoko; Fujieda, Yoshiharu; Kobayashi, Rei; Ibukiyama, Chiharu

doi:10.1253/jcj.63.97

Cited by 29 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…These changes reflect the differential light absorption of predominantly oxy-and deoxyhemoglobin [25][26][27] and correlate strongly with local perfusion [20]. The infrared probe was placed at the sixth intercostal space, at the anterior axillary line as described elsewhere [12,16]. Probes with 12, 25, and 35 mm spacing between the light source and photodectector were used.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Investigators have reported a strong correlation of the muscle deoxygenation point measured at the SA, and the V T in healthy children and adults [13][14][15]. This fall in tissue oxygenation has been postulated as an indication of the oxygenation state of the diaphragm, and this finding may provide insight into the mechanism of exertional dyspnea in cardiac patients [12,16,17].…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…No significant differences were observed throughout the graded exercise test for tissue oxygenation (StO 2 ) (n = 6, F [1.532, 7.661] = 0.895, P > 0.05, η 2 = 0. 15) or EMG (n = 9, F[1.594, 12.75] = 3.067, P > 0.05, η 2 = 0.27). Although the recruitment of the SA has been postulated to aid in ventilation in various postures and disease states, it is concluded that it shows little muscular effort in healthy subjects during upright cycling.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NIRS is a noninvasive technique used to assess tissue oxygenation (StO 2 ) derived from light absorption changes in small arterioles, capillaries, and venuoles [11]. Researchers have observed the respiratory deoxygenation point (as assessed with NIRS) with strong correlation to the respiratory compensation point (RCP), and/or the ventilatory threshold (V T ), in disease and health [12][13][14][15]. Investigators have reported a strong correlation of the muscle deoxygenation point measured at the SA, and the V T in healthy children and adults [13][14][15].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result of the subjects grasping the handlebars of the cycle ergometer, muscular work to stabilize the scapula during cycling exercise [12][13][14][15][16][17] may have confounded the results obtained via NIRS. Furthermore, the fall in StO 2 of exercising and nonexercising skeletal muscle is well correlated with V T or the RCP and is associated with hyperventilation [18][19][20].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Recruitment of the Serratus Anterior as an Accessory Muscle of Ventilation during Graded Exercise

Cannon¹,

Grout²,

May³

et al. 2007

J. Physiol. Sci

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Abstract:The role of the serratus anterior (SA) as an accessory muscle of ventilation and its physiologic significance under exercising conditions remains unclear. Recent investigations have utilized the measurement of SA as an analog for respiratory muscle oxygenation. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the action of the serratus anterior via surface electromyography (EMG) and near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during exercise while controlling for muscular effort not related to ventilation. Nine healthy volunteers (age = 24.4 ± 0.5 years, O 2max = 3.416 ± 0.35 l min -1 ; Epeak = 127.5 ± 13.1 l min -1 ; TV peak = 2.844 ± 0.226 l) completed a graded exercise test to volitional exhaustion on a cycle ergometer. The subjects' arms were folded and relaxed at the abdomen to minimize muscular effort resulting from scapular stabilization during pushing/forward flexion of the arms associated with cycle ergometry. O 2 and E were monitored breath-by-breath throughout exercise. EMG was recorded over the right SA, and a near infrared probe was placed over the left SA. No significant differences were observed throughout the graded exercise test for tissue oxygenation (StO 2 ) (n = 6, F[1.532, 7.661] = 0.895, P > 0.05, η 2 = 0.15) or EMG (n = 9, F[1.594, 12.75] = 3.067, P > 0.05, η 2 = 0.27). Although the recruitment of the SA has been postulated to aid in ventilation in various postures and disease states, it is concluded that it shows little muscular effort in healthy subjects during upright cycling. Additional research is needed to conclude the pertinence of utilizing StO 2 of the SA as an analog for respiratory muscle oxygenation.

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Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 95%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recruitment of the Serratus Anterior as an Accessory Muscle of Ventilation during Graded Exercise

Cannon¹,

Grout²,

May³

et al. 2007

J. Physiol. Sci

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Stellenwert von trainingsbedingten Rückwirkungen am arteriellen Gefäßsystem und der Skelettmuskulatur in der Therapie der Herzinsuffizienz NYHA II/III

Huonker¹,

Keul²

2001

Z Kardiol

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Dynamic muscular exercise performed by healthy subjects leads to a rise in the left ventricular blood ejection with an acute increase in the local wall shear stress on the endothelium of the arterial vessels. These hemodynamic changes results in a release of endothelium-dependent relaxing factors, one of them concerns nitric oxide (NO). Therefore an arterial vasodilatation with an acute increase in the blood flow volume to the exercising muscle groups occurs. If more than 1/6 of the skeletal musculature is involved in exercise and if training duration exceeds 3-5 hours a week the chronically increased blood flow volume in the cardiovascular system triggers structural and functional changes of the heart and the arterial vessels. It develops a functional intact excentric hypertrophy of the myocardium; within the arterial vessels an increase in the diameter of the muscular arteries supplying the trained muscle groups occurs. These training-induced adaptations of the cardiovascular system are adjusted to improve the aerobic skeletal muscle metabolism. In congestive heart failure a pathological excentric myocardial hypertrophy is found. In this case the systolic myocardial function is impaired and the left ventricular ejection fraction is reduced already in early stages, so that the cardiac output can not be sufficiently increased during exercise. In addition a dysfunction of the endothelium of the arterial vessels occurs. As a consequence the endothelium-dependent arterial vasodilation is reduced, so that the peripheral arteries could not supply the muscle groups involved in exercise with enough blood flow volume. Therefore, the acute delivery of the working musculature with oxygen and energy substrates is insufficient, so that premature muscular fatigue occurs. The reduced exercise resistance of the patients leads chronically to a generalized skeletal muscle atrophy. Ultrastructural analysis revealed a decrease of oxidative type 1 muscle fibers with a relative increase of more glycolytic type 2 fibers. In addition, the volume density and the surface area of the cristae of mitochondria are reduced. All these changes results in a decrease of aerobic skeletal muscle metabolism independent of the blood flow volume, so that the physical fitness of the patients progressively decline. On the basis of the training-induced physiological adaptations of the cardiovascular system, a special exercise therapy supervised by a physician was developed for patients with congestive heart failure NYHA II/III. It have been shown that various exercise programs, which are adjusted to the degree of cardiac function impairment are suitable to restore the endothelial dysfunction of the arterial vessels as well as to cure the disturbed skeletal muscle metabolism in these patients independent of an improvement of cardiac function. Therefore in patients with congestive heart failure NYHA II/III who underwent regularly such an exercise therapy, the secondary impaired physical fitness could be rebuild without an excessive risk for an acute exerci...

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An integrated view on the oxygenation responses to incremental exercise at the brain, the locomotor and respiratory muscles

et al. 2016

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In the past two decades oxygenation responses to incremental ramp exercise, measured non-invasively by means of near-infrared spectroscopy at different locations in the body, have advanced the insights on the underpinning mechanisms of the whole-body pulmonary oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]) response. In healthy subjects the complex oxygenation responses at the level of locomotor and respiratory muscles, and brain were simplified and quantified by the detection of breakpoints as a deviation in the ongoing response pattern as work rate increases. These breakpoints were located in a narrow intensity range between 75 and 90 % of the maximal [Formula: see text] and were closely related to traditionally determined thresholds in pulmonary gas exchange (respiratory compensation point), blood lactate measurements (maximal lactate steady state), and critical power. Therefore, it has been assumed that these breakpoints in the oxygenation patterns at different sites in the body might be equivalent and could, therefore, be used interchangeably. In the present review the typical oxygenation responses (at locomotor and respiratory muscle level, and cerebral level) are described and a possible framework is provided showing the physiological events that might link the breakpoints at different body sites with the thresholds determined from pulmonary gas exchange and blood lactate measurements. However, despite a possible physiological association, several arguments prevent the current practical application of these breakpoints measured at a single site as markers of exercise intensity making it highly questionable whether measurements of the oxygenation response at one single site can be used as a reflection of whole-body responses to different exercise intensities.

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Early Occurrence of Respiratory Muscle Deoxygenation Assessed by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy During Leg Exercise in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure

Cited by 29 publications

References 19 publications

Recruitment of the Serratus Anterior as an Accessory Muscle of Ventilation during Graded Exercise

Recruitment of the Serratus Anterior as an Accessory Muscle of Ventilation during Graded Exercise

Stellenwert von trainingsbedingten Rückwirkungen am arteriellen Gefäßsystem und der Skelettmuskulatur in der Therapie der Herzinsuffizienz NYHA II/III

An integrated view on the oxygenation responses to incremental exercise at the brain, the locomotor and respiratory muscles

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