Early parental depression and child language development

Paulson, James F.; Keefe, Heather A.; Leiferman, Jenn A.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01973.x

Cited by 226 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…One previous study 18 has reported an association between paternal depression and fathers reading to their children. In a this study, Paulsen et al 18 found that that paternal depression was cross-sectionally associated with fathers reading less to young children and longitudinally associated with less expressive vocabulary development in children. Anhedonia (loss of motivation or interest in engaging in activities) is a fundamental symptom of depression and may be directly implicated in depressed fathers reading less to their children.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 Second, fathers' speech and language interactions with infants have been positively associated with language development, and paternal depression has been shown to adversely impact this process. [18][19][20] Third, discipline practices, such as corporal punishment, have been longitudinally associated with increased child aggressive behavior. 21 In addition, paternal depressive symptoms have been longitudinally associated with harsh paternal discipline practices in older children and subsequent child and adolescent maladjustment.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Fathers' Depression Related to Positive and Negative Parenting Behaviors With 1-Year-Old Children

Davis¹,

Davis

Freed³

et al. 2011

Pediatrics

157

135

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT:Paternal depression affects fathers' interactions with their children. However, little is known regarding the association between paternal depression in fathers of young children and specific parenting behaviors commonly discussed at well-child visits. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:Depressed fathers were nearly 4 times more likely to report spanking and less than half as likely to report consistently reading to their 1-year-old children. Notably, 77% of depressed fathers reported talking with their child's doctor in the previous year. abstract OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations between depression in fathers of 1-year-old children and specific positive and negative parenting behaviors discussed by pediatric providers at well-child visits. METHODS:We performed a cross-sectional secondary analysis by using interview data from 1746 fathers of 1-year-old children in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. Positive parenting behaviors included fathers' reports of playing games, singing songs, and reading stories to their children Ն3 days in a typical week. Negative parenting behavior included fathers' reports of spanking their 1-year-old children in the previous month. Depression was assessed by using the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short Form. Weighted bivariate and multivariate analyses of parenting behaviors were performed while controlling for demographics and paternal substance abuse. RESULTS:Overall, 7% of fathers had depression. In bivariate analyses, depressed fathers were more likely than nondepressed fathers to report spanking their 1-year-old children in the previous month (41% compared with 13%; P Ͻ .01). In multivariate analyses, depressed fathers were less likely to report reading to their children Ն3 days in a typical week (adjusted odds ratio: 0.38 [95% confidence interval: 0.15-0.98]) and much more likely to report spanking (adjusted odds ratio: 3.92 [95% confidence interval: 1.23-12.5]). Seventy-seven percent of depressed fathers reported talking to their children's doctor in the previous year. CONCLUSIONS:Paternal depression is associated with parenting behaviors relevant to well-child visits. Pediatric providers should consider screening fathers for depression, discussing specific parenting behaviors (eg, reading to children and appropriate discipline), and referring for treatment if appropriate.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fathers' Depression Related to Positive and Negative Parenting Behaviors With 1-Year-Old Children

Davis¹,

Davis

Freed³

et al. 2011

Pediatrics

157

135

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“…This emerging literature suggests that elevated depressive risk is also a problem for expecting and new fathers (Paulson and Bazemore 2010). Moreover, much like the literature on maternal depression, evidence regarding paternal depression points to increases in risks for the child, both in terms of relative impairments in parenting (Davis et al 2011;Paulson et al 2009) and longterm functioning in children (Ramchandani et al 2008). Chronic maternal depression adds to the risk for poor outcomes in children, families, and long-term maternal mental health (Brennan et al 2000).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Course and Interrelationship of Maternal and Paternal Perinatal Depression

Paulson¹,

Bazemore²

2013

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The aims of the study were to describe course of depression in both mothers and fathers from the third trimester of pregnancy through 6 months postpartum and to examine the relationship between maternal and paternal depression. Hypotheses were as follows: (a) Depressive symptoms would be correlated between parents and (b) earlier depressive symptoms in one parent would predict later increases in depression in the other. Eighty cohabitating primiparous couples were recruited from prenatal OBGYN visits and community agencies and enrolled during pregnancy, between 28-week gestation and delivery. Participants completed measures of depression on four occasions: baseline and 1, 3, and 6 months postpartum. Ninety-eight percent of the enrolled couples (78; 156 individuals) completed the study. For both mothers and fathers, symptom severity ratings and classification as a probable case were stable across time, with prenatal depression persisting through 6 months in 75 % of mothers and 86 % of fathers. Prenatal depression in fathers predicted worsening depressive symptom severity in mothers across the first six postpartum months but not vice versa. In both expecting/new mothers and fathers, depression demonstrates a stable pattern of occurrence and symptom severity between 28-month gestation and 6 months postpartum. Although prenatal maternal depression is not predictive of symptom change in fathers, mothers with prenatally depressed partners showed significant worsening in overall symptom severity during the first six postpartum months. KeywordsDepression; Family; Fathers; Perinatal depression Maternal perinatal depression affects about 14 % of women . Its risk factors and child developmental consequences have been well documented (Beardslee et al. Bennett et al. 2004;Gotlib et al. 1989). A complementary focus on depression in expecting and new fathers has only more recently taken shape. This emerging literature suggests that elevated depressive risk is also a problem for expecting and new fathers (Paulson and Bazemore 2010). Moreover, much like the literature on maternal depression, evidence regarding paternal depression points to increases in risks for the child, both in terms of relative impairments in parenting (Davis et al. 2011;Paulson et al. 2009) and longterm functioning in children (Ramchandani et al. 2008). Chronic maternal depression adds to the risk for poor outcomes in children, families, and long-term maternal mental health (Brennan et al. 2000). With the current knowledge base on paternal perinatal depression being at an early developmental stage, very little is understood regarding its course and chronicity. HHS Public AccessA recent meta-analysis of paternal depression found that 100 % of articles that reported on the correlation between maternal and paternal depression found elevated depressive symptomatology in one partner to be significantly associated with corresponding increases in the other's (Paulson and Bazemore 2010). Although these findings characterize one partner's depression as a s...

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“…The disorder is associated with both parenting difficulties (Wilson & Durbin, 2010 ;Davis et al 2011) and an increased risk of behavioural disturbance and impaired cognitive development in the offspring (Ramchandani et al 2008 ;Paulson et al 2009). A range of potential mechanisms that may mediate the association between the occurrence of depression in fathers and adverse infant outcomes have been suggested (Ramchandani & Psychogiou, 2009) ; however, empirical evidence is relatively lacking (Low & Stocker, 2005 ;Kane & Garber, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depressed fathers' speech to their 3-month-old infants: a study of cognitive and mentalizing features in paternal speech

2012

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Background. Depression in fathers in the postnatal period is associated with an increased risk of child behaviour problems. A key potential pathway of risk transmission is exposure of the child to negative cognitions and affect in the context of early parenting. This study examines paternal speech during face-to-face father-infant interactions at 3 months.Method. Currently depressed (n=19) and non-depressed (n=19) fathers were individually matched on age and education. Speech was coded for cognitive biases and mentalizing statements using a modified version of previous measures of maternal speech. Paternal depression was diagnosed using a structured psychiatric interview.Results. Depression in fathers was associated with more speech focused on the paternal experience and less on the infants' experience. Depressed fathers' speech comprised more negative and critical utterances, compared with nondepressed fathers.Conclusions. Important differences emerge in the speech of fathers who experience depression. Examining negative cognitions in the speech of these fathers as early as 3 months may help in understanding children's risk in relation to paternal psychopathology. Depressive symptoms have a marked influence on social relationships, and this extends to the relationship that the parent establishes with their infant. One key pathway by which paternal depression may lead to adverse child outcome is through its effect on father-infant interactions. This is likely to include parental speech, which directly taps into a potential pathway involving negative cognitions and affect between a depressed parent and child. Parental speech contributes to the child's language acquisition, attributional style and emotional and cognitive development (Abkarian et al. 2003 ; Pancsofar & VernonFeagans, 2006). Analysis of parental speech to the infant during face-to-face interactions in the early postnatal months may be particularly relevant to identifying aspects of interactive behaviour influenced by depression.Two key features of early father-infant interactions are, first, cognitive biases (Beck, 1976), comprising the attentional focus and affect of the father's speech, and second, parental mentalization, the process of treating the child as a psychological agent, described variously in the constructs of attribution of agency (Murray et al. (Email : vaheshta.sethna@kcl.ac.uk)The online version of this article is published within an Open Access environment subject to the conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike licence . The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use.

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Early parental depression and child language development

Abstract: Depression is a significant problem among both mothers and fathers of young children, but has a more marked impact on the father's reading to his child and, subsequently, the child's language development.

Cited by 226 publications

References 47 publications

Fathers' Depression Related to Positive and Negative Parenting Behaviors With 1-Year-Old Children

Fathers' Depression Related to Positive and Negative Parenting Behaviors With 1-Year-Old Children

The Course and Interrelationship of Maternal and Paternal Perinatal Depression

Depressed fathers' speech to their 3-month-old infants: a study of cognitive and mentalizing features in paternal speech

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