Early permanent dental eruption in obese/overweigh schoolchildren

Abstract

Background The WHO defines obesity as abnormal excessive fat accumulation. Indeed, it is the most relevant nutritional disorder in the developed countries. Nutrition turns out to be relevant for childhood development involving different systems and organs as and including teeth development. Prediction of teeth eruption results of relevance in odontopediatrics and more particularly at transitional stages with mixed dentition. Early teeth eruption can lead to dental defects and eventually to periodontal disease. In addition to this, obesity increases chronic periodontitis risk on teenagers and young-adults. Objectives: The aim of the work is to confirm the relation of weigh and dental eruption on six years old children. Material and Methods 519 six years old children were included on the analytic observational study. Clinical examination was conducted at school, weight and size was registered for BMI index (Kg/cm2). Permanent teeth presence was recorded during examination. Results Overweight or obesity significantly doubles the probability to find both, the first permanent molars and the lower central incisors. In addition, we report herein a significant association between weight at birth and the first milk tooth eruption. Conclusions Early dental eruption is observed in obese/overweight school children compared to normal weigh children. Key words: Pediatric obesity, tooth eruption, permanent dentition.

Evaluation of the Relationship between the BMI and the Sequence and Chronology of Eruption in Permanent Dentition in Spanish Population

“…In a recent study carried out on Spanish children, they found that being overweight and obesity increase the probability of early eruption of permanent teeth by 1.5–2 compared to normal-weight children. In addition, as in our study, they found a strong positive relationship between age and the probability of dental eruption, finding that the impact of obesity on dental eruption remains stable for the different age ranges studied [ 42 ]. Arid et al analyzed the percentage of patients with eruptive delay, finding an agreement with previous studies that 100% of underweight children had a significant eruptive delay, compared to 32.5% in overweight children and a 16.67% in obese children [ 11 ].…”

“…In the analysis of the previous literature on the relationship between BMI and the chronology and eruption sequence of permanent teeth, both longitudinal [ 17 , 36 , 38 ] and cross-sectional [ 2 , 4 , 6 , 20 , 21 , 37 , 39 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ] studies were found. With regard to race, most previous studies were in Asian children [ 4 , 14 , 39 , 47 , 48 ], although there are also some in North American children [ 20 , 35 ], Spanish [ 2 , 42 , 46 ], Central Americans [ 17 ], Africans [ 6 ], Europeans [ 37 ], and South Americans [ 11 , 21 , 49 ]. Regarding the sample size and the age of the children in the existing literature, this is very heterogeneous, ranging between 50 and 3519 participants, and between birth and 19 years of age, with different age ranges between the studies [ 2 , 6 , 17 , 20 , 21 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 42 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 50 ].…”

“…In the last decade, several studies have analyzed the influence of nutrition on dental eruption [ 6 , 11 , 12 , 15 , 17 , 20 , 21 , 26 , 29 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ]. Most studies found an association between being overweight and acceleration of tooth eruption, although it was not significant in all cases [ 6 , 12 , 37 , 39 , 42 ]. Regarding malnutrition, there is no consensus, since while some authors established that there is a significant relationship [ 20 ], others found that there is no statistical significance [ 15 ].…”

Association between Molecular Mechanisms and Tooth Eruption in Children with Obesity

“…As is well known, tooth eruption is a long lasting process (it often lasts years) and there are many factors that can modify this process ( Figure 2 ). One can see how an overweight child or an obese child may have an advanced tooth eruption process [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 8 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 ].…”

“…Some research works conclude that one’s nutritional state can also modify dental eruption timing. It has been shown that children who are obese and overweight can experience early permanent tooth eruption [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. In contrast, malnourishment is associated with delayed teething [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ].…”