Early Postnatal Protein-Calorie Malnutrition and Cognition: A Review of Human and Animal Studies

Laus, Maria Fernanda; Vales, Lucas Duarte Manhas Ferreira do; Costa, Telma Maria Braga; Almeida, Sebastião de Sousa

doi:10.3390/ijerph8020590

Cited by 122 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Indeed, evidence from developing countries shows that stunting in early childhood is associated with poorer cognitive development and academic performance in later childhood (Grantham-McGregor, 1995;Grantham-McGregor et al, 2007). A recent review concluded that even mild but persistent malnutrition in early life (i.e., during the first 2 years of life) negatively influences reasoning, visuospatial functions, IQ, language development, attention, learning, and academic achievement, while supplementation with food can improve cognitive performance (Laus, 2011). In an interesting study, researchers randomly assigned 425 preterm infants to a "standard nutrient" group (who received either breast milk or standard formula) and "high nutrient" group (who received a higher protein-energy and micronutrient diet).…”

Section: Malnutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Nutrition in Children's Neurocognitive Development, From Pregnancy Through Childhood

Nyaradi¹,

Li²,

Hickling³

et al. 2015

Prenatal and Childhood Nutrition

129

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This review examines the current evidence for a possible connection between nutritional intake (including micronutrients and whole diet) and neurocognitive development in childhood. Earlier studies which have investigated the association between nutrition and cognitive development have focused on individual micronutrients, including omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin B12, folic acid, choline, iron, iodine, and zinc, and single aspects of diet. The research evidence from observational studies suggests that micronutrients may play an important role in the cognitive development of children. However, the results of intervention trials utilizing single micronutrients are inconclusive. More generally, there is evidence that malnutrition can impair cognitive development, whilst breastfeeding appears to be beneficial for cognition. Eating breakfast is also beneficial for cognition. In contrast, there is currently inconclusive evidence regarding the association between obesity and cognition. Since individuals consume combinations of foods, more recently researchers have become interested in the cognitive impact of diet as a composite measure. Only a few studies to date have investigated the associations between dietary patterns and cognitive development. In future research, more well designed intervention trials are needed, with special consideration given to the interactive effects of nutrients.

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Section: Malnutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Nutrition in Children's Neurocognitive Development, From Pregnancy Through Childhood

Nyaradi¹,

Li²,

Hickling³

et al. 2015

Prenatal and Childhood Nutrition

129

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Over the past few decades, several epidemiological and experimental animal studies have shown that early-life nutrition has a strong impact on cognitive development (1)(2)(3) . The existing literature, however, has mainly focused on nutrition in infancy and its association with cognitive and psychomotor development by highlighting the positive effect of prolonged breast-feeding (4)(5)(6)(7) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary patterns in early childhood and child cognitive and psychomotor development: the Rhea mother–child cohort study in Crete

et al. 2016

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Early-life nutrition is critical for optimal brain development; however, few studies have evaluated the impact of diet as a whole in early childhood on neurological development with inconsistent results. The present analysis is a cross-sectional study nested within an ongoing prospective birth cohort, the Rhea study, and aims to examine the association of dietary patterns with cognitive and psychomotor development in 804 preschool (mean age 4·2 years) children. Parents completed a validated FFQ, and dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis. Child cognitive and psychomotor development was assessed by the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities (MSCA). Multivariable linear regression models were used to investigate the associations of dietary patterns with the MSCA scales. After adjustment for a large number of confounding factors, the 'Snacky' pattern (potatoes and other starchy roots, salty snacks, sugar products and eggs) was negatively associated with the scales of verbal ability (β = − 1·31; 95 % CI −2·47, −0·16), general cognitive ability (β = − 1·13; 95 % CI −2·25, −0·02) and cognitive functions of the posterior cortex (β = − 1·20; 95 % CI −2·34, −0·07). Further adjustment for maternal intelligence, folic acid supplementation and alcohol use during pregnancy attenuated the observed associations, but effect estimates remained at the same direction. The 'Western' and the 'Mediterranean' patterns were not associated with child neurodevelopmental scales. The present findings suggest that poorer food choices at preschool age characterised by foods high in fat, salt and sugar are associated with reduced scores in verbal and cognitive ability.

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“…Vários efeitos da desnutrição precoce sobre o comportamento dos animais na fase adulta já foram documentados em outros estudos (Hernandes, Françolin-Silva, Valadares, Fukuda, & Almeida, 2005;Valadares, Fukuda, Françolin-Silva, Hernandes, & Almeida, 2010). Um desses efeitos é o aumento da motivação por comida ou por água desses animais, quando expostos à privação (Laus, Vales, Costa, & Almeida, 2011). Essa sensibilidade aumentada aos reforçadores, em função da privação, pode ter relação com os resultados obtidos nos IETs dos grupos, uma vez que os ratos desnutridos reiniciavam as tentativas mais rapidamente que os controles.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Desnutrição Proteica Precoce Reduz O Intervalo Entre Tentativas De Ratos Em Tarefa De Discriminação Condicional

Silva¹,

Oliveira²,

Almeida³

2016

REBAC

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RESUMOA má nutrição precoce gera efeitos deletérios graves no crescimento, no comportamento e nas capacidades cognitivas de diferentes organismos, sendo a desnutrição proteica a principal insuficiência nutricional que pode ser examinada individualmente em estudos experimentais. O objetivo deste estudo foi testar o procedimento de correção de tentativas diretamente no treino de discriminação condicional, comparando o desempenho de animais previamente desnutridos e recuperados nutricionalmente, com o desempenho de animais controles. As curvas de desempenho dos grupos não indicaram uma melhora significativa nos acertos ao longo das sessões, mas ao final do treino os animais submetidos ao procedimento de correção de tentativas apresentaram melhor desempenho do que os animais não submetidos à correção. Os animais desnutridos apresentaram IETs médios menores do que os IETs apresentados pelos animais bem nutridos. Entre os fatores apontados como responsáveis pela não aprendizagem da discriminação condicional, destacam-se a programação da contingência e a disposição espacial aleatória dos estímulos de escolha durante o treino. Palavras-chave: desnutrição proteica; aprendizagem; discriminação condicional; correção de tentativas; IET. ABSTRACTEarly malnutrition generates severe deleterious effects on growth, behavior and cognitive abilities of different organisms, and protein malnutrition is the main nutritional insufficiency that can be examined individually in experimental studies. The aim of this study was to establish conditional discriminations in rats, comparing malnourished animals which have received nutritional recovery with control ones, and test the effects of a correction procedure. Even though animals under the correction procedure have performed better than the animals not submitted to it, their performances did not improve during training sessions. Malnourished animals showed lower average ITIs than wellnourished animals. Contingency planning and the random spatial presentation of choice stimuli are the factors pointed out as potentially responsible for the absence of a learning curve to the conditional discrimination, at the end of training.

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Early Postnatal Protein-Calorie Malnutrition and Cognition: A Review of Human and Animal Studies

Cited by 122 publications

References 70 publications

The Role of Nutrition in Children's Neurocognitive Development, From Pregnancy Through Childhood

The Role of Nutrition in Children's Neurocognitive Development, From Pregnancy Through Childhood

Dietary patterns in early childhood and child cognitive and psychomotor development: the Rhea mother–child cohort study in Crete

Desnutrição Proteica Precoce Reduz O Intervalo Entre Tentativas De Ratos Em Tarefa De Discriminação Condicional

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