Early Pregnancy Factor: Its Significance as an Indicator of Fertilization and Embryonic Viability

Koch, Elisabeth

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-5038-2_5

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The reported and extraordinary properties of EPF include: Early appearance (within hours) after mating or insemination Rapid disappearance following induced death or removal of the embryos [105,106]. These factors suggest that EPF may be the most useful tool for investigating early embryonic survival or failure [106][107][108]. According to Laleh et al [109], the rosette inhibition test (RIT) has the potential to distinguish pregnant from non-pregnant dairy cows in the first week of pregnancy.…”

Section: Early Pregnancy Factor (Epf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Possibilities for the Diagnosis of Early Pregnancy and Embryonic Mortality in Dairy Cows

Szenci

2021

Animals

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One of the most recent techniques for the on-farm diagnosis of early pregnancy (EP) in cattle is B-mode ultrasonography. Under field conditions, acceptable results may be achieved with ultrasonography from Days 25 to 30 post-AI. The reliability of the test greatly depends on the frequency of the transducer used, the skill of the examiner, the criterion used for a positive pregnancy diagnosis (PD), and the position of the uterus in the pelvic inlet. Non-pregnant animals can be selected accurately by evaluating blood flow in the corpus luteum around Day 20 after AI, meaning we can substantially improve the reproductive efficiency of our herd. Pregnancy protein assays (PSPB, PAG-1, and PSP60 RIA, commercial ELISA or rapid visual ELISA tests) may provide an alternative method to ultrasonography for determining early pregnancy or late embryonic/early fetal mortality (LEM/EFM) in dairy cows. Although the early pregnancy factor is the earliest specific indicator of fertilization, at present, its detection is entirely dependent on the use of the rosette inhibition test; therefore, its use in the field needs further developments. Recently found biomarkers like interferon-tau stimulated genes or microRNAs may help us diagnose early pregnancy in dairy cows; however, these tests need further developments before their general use in the farms becomes possible.

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Section: Early Pregnancy Factor (Epf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Possibilities for the Diagnosis of Early Pregnancy and Embryonic Mortality in Dairy Cows

Szenci

2021

Animals

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“…These factors suggest that EPF may be the most useful tool for investigating early embryonic survival or failure [44][45][46]. At present, the detection of EPF is entirely dependent on the use of the RIT (rosette inhibition test) which is a biological test therefore it is not practical.…”

Section: Early Pregnancy Factor (Epf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Possibilities for the Diagnosis and Pharmacological Control of Pregnancy Loss in Dairy Cow

Szenci¹

2015

JLS

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Abstract:One of the most recent techniques for the diagnosis of EP (early pregnancy) in cattle on the farm is B-mode ultrasonography. Under field conditions, acceptable results may be achieved with ultrasonography from days 25 to 30 post-AI. The reliability of the test greatly depends on the frequency of the transducer used, the skill of the examiner, the criterion used for a positive PD (pregnancy diagnosis) and the position of the uterus in the pelvic inlet. Pregnancy protein assays (PAG, PSPB) may provide an alternative method to ultrasonography for determining EP or LEM/EFM (late embryonic/early foetal mortality) in the cow. Although early pregnancy factor is the earliest specific indicator for fertilization, its detection is entirely dependend on the use of the RIT (rosette inhibition test), therefore its use in the field needs further inventions. Preventive pharmaceutical treatments with hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin), GnRH (gonadotropin realising hormone), PRID (progesterone-releasing intravaginal device) or CIDR (controlled internal drug release) inserts at different time periods at or post-AI may have some benefit in decreasing PL (pregnancy loss), however further examinations are warranted to determine how and when these treatments may influence PL in the field.

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Comparative placentation in ungulates

King

1993

J. Exp. Zool.

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Sexual reproduction requires a series of coordinated interactions between males and females to synchronize copulation and ovulation, between spermatozoa and ova for fertilization, and, in eutherian mammals, between conceptuses and dams to insure a suitable environment for subsequent development. The biological processes adopted by various species to satisfy these necessities are certainly diverse, offering more variations on a common theme than perhaps any other physiological activity.Essential steps include functional alterations to the maternal immune and endocrine systems commenting almost immediately after fertilization. Also included is a series of dramatic modifications to uterine structure and function, beginning even before the initial stages of placentation and continuing throughout the remainder of gestation. Like most pregnancy-associated activities, development of an intimate relationship between embryo-fetal membranes and uterine lining is not an isolated incident but rather a progressive sequence, commencing early and extending over a considerable time. The process involves approximation of the outermost embryonic membrane and uterine epithelium, followed by physical attachment of conceptus and maternal tissues, with actual invasion of chorionic cells across the interface and into the endometrial stroma (implantation) in many species. This results in a unique and complex but temporary organ, functioning to nourish and protect the embryofetus until development is suficiently advanced for survival outside the uterine environment. Individual animals solve the challenges of reproduction in different ways so placentae come in a plethora of shapes and forms. All suit their particular purpose but these structures evolved sometimes with little anatomical similarity between closely related orders or species. Thus, even when the topic is narrowed to ungulates, the represented placental forms span the full range from epitheliochorial to haemochorial. For many ungulates, however, placentation involves minor variations from a common, diffuse apposition-adhesion-attachment pattern, generally with less invasion, disruption, or remodelling of maternal tissues than is found in most other mammalian orders.Most domesticated food-producing animals are ungulates but those few species exploited in farming represent only a very small proportion of this large phylum. Artiodactyla, the even-toed members such as pigs,

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Early Pregnancy Factor: Its Significance as an Indicator of Fertilization and Embryonic Viability

Cited by 4 publications

References 17 publications

Recent Possibilities for the Diagnosis of Early Pregnancy and Embryonic Mortality in Dairy Cows

Recent Possibilities for the Diagnosis of Early Pregnancy and Embryonic Mortality in Dairy Cows

Recent Possibilities for the Diagnosis and Pharmacological Control of Pregnancy Loss in Dairy Cow

Comparative placentation in ungulates

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