Early psychological reactions to life-threatening injuries

Schnyder, Ulrich; Mörgeli, Hanspeter; Nigg, C; Klaghofer, Richard; Renner, N. E. A.; Trentz, O.; Buddeberg, Claus

doi:10.1097/00003246-200001000-00014

Cited by 63 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…This finding was observed consistently in both samples and at all measurement points. It has been pointed out repeatedly that SOC correlates with psychological disturbances, particularly with anxiety and depressive symptoms [47], but also, for instance, with posttraumatic stress symptoms in the aftermath of a traumatic event [27]. Interestingly enough, correlations were somewhat higher in study 2 than in study 1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…As an example representing health problems with acute onset and good prognosis, we chose a study on patients who had sustained severe injuries (usually multiple injuries including bone fractures and damages to internal organs) following a life-threatening accident, requiring treatment in an intensive care unit [27]. These patients were suddenly and unexpectedly confronted with severe injuries, and with a considerable uncertainty about physical and psychosocial sequelae.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antonovsky’s Sense of Coherence: Trait or State?

Schnyder

Büchi

Sensky

et al. 2000

Psychother Psychosom

Self Cite

209

163

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Background: The aim of this study was first to analyze the stability of Antonovsky’s Sense of Coherence (SOC) as a measure of a person’s world view over time; secondly, to investigate its relationship with depression and anxiety. Methods: Data from two longitudinal studies were used: a study of severely injured accident victims (n = 96), and a study of patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA, n = 60). The 13 items short version of the SOC scale and measures of depression and anxiety (Symptom Checklist, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) were administered repeatedly over 6–12 months in both studies. Results: In the sample of accident victims, a significant decrease in the SOC mean score was observed during the first half year after the accident. During the same time period, symptoms of anxiety and depression decreased significantly. In the second half year after the accident, SOC as well as measures of psychopathology remained stable. RA patients showed high stability of SOC and measures of anxiety and depression over time. In both samples, between-time correlations of SOC scores were high (r ≥ 0.70, p < 0.01), indicating a high test-retest stability of SOC. Furthermore, in both samples, significant negative correlations of a moderate to high degree (r = –0.28 to –0.73, p < 0.01) were found between SOC and measures of anxiety and depression. Conclusions: SOC can be seen as a relatively stable (trait) measure. However, traumatic events such as life-threatening accidents may change a person’s world view and thus their SOC, even if psychiatric symptoms abate. This suggests that SOC is not merely a proxy measure of psychopathology, but rather a partially independent, general measure of a person’s world view.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antonovsky’s Sense of Coherence: Trait or State?

Schnyder

Büchi

Sensky

et al. 2000

Psychother Psychosom

Self Cite

209

163

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“…A prevalência de sintomas de TEPT encontrada entre os pacientes tratados na instituição em estudo, portanto, foi bastante inferior aos resultados encontrados na literatura, os quais apontam uma prevalência que varia entre 22% e 64% 6,22 . A diferença observada na baixa incidência de pacientes com TEPT, em comparação com estudos que encontraram alta incidência, pode ser explicada pelo fato de ter sido utilizado não só o instrumento IES-R, mas também dados da entrevista psicológica, bem como devido ao fato de esse evento ter sido estudado em períodos distintos, com diferentes instrumentos, metodologias e coortes de pacientes 3,[23][24][25][26] . A opção por estudar apenas os pacientes submetidos à VM associada a de excluir aqueles com transtorno psiquiátrico prévio pode ter sido responsável pela diferença dos resultados de outros estudos.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…Estudos 22,23 que investigaram a presença de sintomas de TEPT em pacientes de UTI a partir de entrevista clínica e adotando os critérios do DSM-IV, tal como ocorreu com o presente estudo que realizou a confirmação do diagnóstico clínico com dados da entrevista psicológica, encontraram prevalência mais baixa do transtorno do que aqueles que usaram instrumentos de autorrelato.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Transtorno de estresse pós-traumático e a presença de recordações referentes à unidade de terapia intensiva

Costa

Marcon

Rossi

2012

J. bras. psiquiatr.

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rESUMo objetivo: Identificar a incidência de transtorno de estresse pós-traumático (TEPT) em pacientes submetidos à ventilação mecânica (VM) e analisar a sua relação com variáveis clíni-cas, demográficas e presença de recordações referentes à unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI). Método: Estudo prospectivo longitudinal realizado durante o período de um ano na UTI de um hospital-escola. A avaliação ocorreu três meses após a alta da UTI durante consulta ambulatorial. Os sujeitos foram avaliados utilizando-se um instrumento para avaliar memórias de UTI (IAM-TI) e o Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), para avaliar o TEPT. resultados: Do total de respondentes, 68,8% eram do sexo masculino, a idade variou entre 18 e 79 anos, com média de 43,5 anos ± 17,1. Quanto à avaliação dos pacientes, 14,5% apresentaram sintomas de TEPT, quando utilizado um ponto de corte > 20 pontos. Para uma melhor precisão diagnós-tica, foi utilizado também o ponto de corte ≥ 33 pontos e, nesse caso, sete pacientes (5,1%) apresentaram o transtorno. Conclusão: Poucos pacientes preencheram todos os critérios para o diagnóstico de TEPT, indicando que a grande maioria deles apresentou apenas sintomatologia relacionada ao TEPT. aBStraCt objective: Identify the incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), in patients submitted to MV and analyze its relation with clinical and demographical variables, and with the presence of memories regarding intensive care unit (ICU). Method: It is a longitudinal prospective study, carried out in one year at an ICU of a university hospital. Evaluation occurred three months after ICU discharge during patients follow up at the ambulatory. Subjects were evaluated using the ICU memories (ICU-AMI) and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) instruments. results: From the total of subjects, 68.8% were male from 18 to 79 years of age, 43.5 years old average ± 17.1. From the evaluated patients, 14.5% presented symptoms of PTSD when a cut-off score > 20 was used. For a diagnostic accuracy a ≥ 33 cut-off score was also used, and in this case, only seven patients (5.1%) showed signs of PTSD. Conclusion: A few patients met the criteria for the PTSD diagnosis indicating that the great majority of patients admitted at ICU show only symptomatology related to PTSD.

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“…The other group consists of papers assessing the SOC in relation to mental comorbidities of somatic diseases and issues. These include cancers (Ezer, Chachamovich, Saad, Aprikian, & Souhami, 2012;Langius & Lind, 1995;Siglen, Bjorvatn, Engebretsen, Berglund, & Natvig, 2007), myocardial infarction (Benyamini, Roziner, Goldbourt, Drory, & Gerber, 2013), heart transplantation (Ruzyczka et al, 2011), lumbar spinal stenosis (Sinikallio et al, 2006), Morbus Parkinson (Pusswald et al, 2009), kidney diseases (e.g., Klang, Bjorvell, & Cronqvist, 1996), rheumatoid arthritis (Buchi et al, 1998), systemic sclerosis (Hyphantis et al, 2007), traumatic child birth experiences (Stramrood et al, 2011), critical accidents (Schnyder et al, 2000), and critical diseases in general (Fok, Chair, & Lopez, 2005).…”

Section: The Soc In Relation To Physical Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%