Early receptor potential of pineal organ and lateral eye of the pike

Influence of light intensity and spectral composition of artificial light at night on melatonin rhythm and mRNA expression of gonadotropins in roach Rutilus rutilus

“…We hypothesize that white ALAN has a clear effect on the natural circadian rhythm of melatonin production, already at low light intensities. Furthermore we hypothesize that blue light has a weaker effect on melatonin suppression compared to green or red light, as anticipated for European freshwater fishes that use similar habitats such as E. lucius and P. fluviatilis (Brüning et al 2016;Falcón and Tanabe 1983).…”

“…Accordingly visual and non-visual photoreceptors of e.g. zebrafish Danio rerio (Hamilton, 1822) , pike Esox lucius L. 1758 (Enright et al 2015;Falcón and Meissl 1981;Falcón and Tanabe 1983), and P. fluviatilis (Brüning et al 2016) are more susceptible to green and red light. For cyprinids no such information is available.…”

Photoreceptors in the pineal of lower vertebrates: Functional aspects

“…Molecules involved in phototransduction commonly located in the vertebrate retina have also been localized in pineal photoreceptors (opsin, vitamin A, the r subunit of transducin and arrestin 2, 3). In some species, the spectral sensitivity of the response shows striking similarities to the spectral sensitivity of their lateral eyes (for details see 6,7,14). In ectotherms, spike discharges can be recorded extracellularly from nerve fibers of the pineal tract or from single neurons of the pineal vesicle.…”

Photosensitivity and Biosynthesis of Indole Compounds in the Cells of the Receptor Line of the Pineal Organ of the Pike

“…However, they seem to be still photosensi tive since slow potentials -which are gener ated by PC [5,12,14] -could be regularly recorded from isolated medial regions.…”

“…The nerve cells also exhibited an heterogeneous pattern; they could be localized in the distal and proximal regions only. Their axons formed the pineal tract which run dorsally in the pro ximal region towards the posterior commis sure [8,9], Electrical recordings allowed the locali zation of the photosensitive regions, and the characteristics of the photosensory function were studied [12,14], Extracellular record ings showed a maintained activity of nerve fibers from the pineal tract, and of single neurons from the distal region. With increasing levels of steady exposure to white light, the impulse frequency decreased.…”