Early recovery profiles of language and executive functions after left hemisphere stroke in bilingualism

Focusing attention on executive functioning in Aphasia

“…With a similar focus on EF assessment procedures, in the next paper, Penn and colleagues (2016) examine the sensitivity of a test battery, consisting of a number of non-verbal EF measures, to the acute stages of recovery among bilingual individuals with aphasia in South Africa. Consistent with prior aphasia research (e.g., Baldo, Paulraj, Curran, & Dronkers, 2015;Murray, 2012), Penn et al (2016) identify a variety of patterns of EF deficits and recovery among their participants who represent a range of aphasia profiles. Importantly, these authors offer a number of suggestions for EF assessment and aphasia management within the acute recovery phases as well as within multicultural and multilingual contexts.…”

Executive control in bilingual aphasia: a systematic review

“…A large majority (37/39) of bPWA, reported on in eight studies, showed abnormally high interference in the Stroop task (Adrover-Roig, Galparsoro-Izagirre, Marcotte, Ferre, Wilson & Ansaldo, 2011; Faroqi-Shah, Sampson, Pranger & Baughman, 2018; Green, Grogan, Crinion, Ali, Sutton & Price, 2010; Green, Ruffle, Grogan, Ali, Ramsden, Schofield, Leff, Crinion & Price, 2011; Kambanaros, Messinis & Anyfantis, 2012; Kong, Abutalebi, Lam & Weekes, 2014; Mariën, van Dun, van Dormael, Vandenborre, Keulen, Manto, Verhoeven & Abutalebi, 2017; Penn, Barber & Fridjhon, 2017). Two bPWA, on the other hand, exhibited normal interference (Penn, Frankel, Watermeyer & Russell, 2010).…”

“…However, the linguistic nature of the task (i.e., naming and reading) complicates disentangling non-linguistic inhibition impairments from disordered language skills. In two studies, this validity issue is partially circumvented by administering an adapted version of the task, requiring a non-verbal response (Faroqi-Shah et al, 2018; Penn et al, 2017), but this does not reduce the reading demands. Moreover, the individuals who performed the adapted Stroop also showed impaired performance on this task.…”

“…The acute phase of recovery typically lasts two weeks, the subacute stage six months, followed by the chronic stage (Kiran, 2012). Three out of four studies that reported on inhibition in the subacute phase found abnormal scores (Mariën et al, 2017; Penn et al, 2017; Verreyt et al, 2013) and one study reported differences between bPWA with parallel and selective impairments (Van der Linden et al, 2018b). In the subacute phase, spontaneous and guided recovery is still expected, and these impairments may therefore resolve over time.…”

“…Two bPWA, on the other hand, exhibited normal interference (Penn, Frankel, Watermeyer & Russell, 2010). Most studies report a case (series) design, except for Penn et al (2017) and Faroqi-Shah et al (2018), who conducted group studies. The results of the Stroop task indicate that most bPWA experience inhibition impairments.…”