Early relational trauma and self representations: Misattributing externally derived representations as internally generated.

Chiu, Chui-De; Ho, Hoi Lam; Tollenaar, Marieke S.; Elzinga, Bernet M.; Zhang, Tianyang

doi:10.1037/tra0000369

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…This also explains the general mechanism of SRE to some extent, because individuals are more sensitive to self-related information. Liao and Chen (2006) found that self-schemata influenced mental health. While patients with depression had underlying negative self-schemata, psychologically healthy people demonstrated rather positive self-schemata, such as positive self-concept and high self-esteem.…”

Section: Self-reference Effect (Sre)mentioning

confidence: 99%

How Preferred Brands Relate to the Self: The Effect of Brand Preference, Product Involvement, and Information Valence on Brand-Related Memory

et al. 2019

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This study adopted the paradigm of the self-reference effect to explore how brand preference, product involvement, and information valence affects brand-related memory by three experiments. Experiment 1 examined memory differences between positive/negative information of self-/other-preferred brands. Results showed increased memory of positive words (i.e., the effect of information valence) in the self-preferred brand group, yet memory of self-preferred brands was poorer than that of other-preferred brands. Experiment 2 examined effects of degree of brand preference and information valence, and revealed a positive association between degree of preference and memory of brand-related positive words. Experiment 3 explored the effects of brand preference and product involvement. Results showed that the memory of high-preference brands was stronger in the high-involvement group. Additionally, product involvement demonstrated a significant positive correlation with memory. The observed effects of information valence, especially in self-preference (Experiment 1) and high-preference (Experiment 2) conditions, can be explained by self-schema and mnemic neglect theories. The increased memory of highly preferred brands in a high-involvement condition can be explained by intimacy and self-expansion models (Experiment 3).

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Section: Self-reference Effect (Sre)mentioning

confidence: 99%

How Preferred Brands Relate to the Self: The Effect of Brand Preference, Product Involvement, and Information Valence on Brand-Related Memory

et al. 2019

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“…Other recent research has found that relational trauma may be related to a specific social cognitive tendency and may impact on the development of self‐schema (Chiu et al., 2018). In general, offenders differ from the general in the extent of their antisocial behaviour and violence (Gilligan & Lee, 2005; Kelly et al., 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between relational trauma and empathy among male offenders in China

Wang

Chen

et al. 2021

Criminal Behav Ment Health

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Background Offenders are more likely than the general population to have experienced relationship trauma. They are also more likely to have lower empathy. To date, relationships between historical trauma and later empathic states have not been examined among offenders. Aims To explore the association between history of trauma in close personal relationships and empathy among offenders. Our research question is: Is such relational trauma associated with self‐rated impairments in empathy? Methods All men with a primary school education and above at a single all‐male prison in Jiangsu Province in China were invited to participate. The self‐reported Interpersonal Reactivity Index was used to evaluate empathy, and the Brief Betrayal Trauma Survey was to explore interpersonal trauma and classify such experiences. Results Interpersonal trauma was associated with higher personal distress and lower empathic concern among men reporting relational trauma in adulthood, but only higher personal distress when the trauma reported was in childhood. Non‐relational trauma was associated with higher empathic concern. Cognitive aspects of empathy varied little between groups. Conclusions Our findings add to the existing literature by making distinctions between the types of trauma and the age of key experience in its relationship to self‐reported empathy. The differences found suggest that it may be helpful to consider planning any trauma‐related interventions differently according to the type and age of trauma experiences.

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“…study, using a non-clinical sample, participants who reported exposure to sexual abuse had a lower sensitivity (d') in distinguishing between real and imagined stimuli compared to nonexposed individuals (block 1: r = 0.12, p = .07; block 2: r = 0.19, p = .01) [50]. In the fourth study which was in a sample of university students, there was some evidence to suggest that participants exposed to trauma (29%) were more likely to misattribute externally-generated stimuli to self-generated sources in a hierarchical regression analysis after including confounders (B = -0.30, SE = 0.11, T = -2.86, p<0.01) [59].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 96%

“…We included 26 studies [21,] that fulfilled all search criteria (see Table 1 for summary of studies). The studies were based in the following countries: USA (12 studies) [21,35,38,41,43,48,[50][51][52][53][54][55], UK (3 studies) [39,44,46], Australia (2 studies) [40,49], and 1 each in Canada [47], China [59], Greece [36], Holland [45], Italy [56], Japan [58], New Zealand [57], Turkey [37] and Taiwan [42]. Six studies [38,40,48,51,52,56] recruited separate exposed and unexposed samples and the remaining studies were cross-sectional designs.…”

Section: Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood trauma and cognitive biases associated with psychosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2021

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Childhood trauma is associated with an increased risk of psychosis, but the mechanisms that mediate this relationship are unknown. Exposure to trauma has been hypothesised to lead to cognitive biases that might have causal effects on psychotic symptoms. The literature on whether childhood trauma is associated with psychosis-related cognitive biases has not been comprehensively reviewed. A systematic review and meta-analysis or narrative synthesis of studies examining the association between childhood trauma and the following biases: external locus of control (LOC), external attribution, probabilistic reasoning, source monitoring, top-down processing, and bias against disconfirmatory evidence. Studies were assessed for quality, and sources of heterogeneity were explored. We included 25 studies from 3,465 studies identified. Individuals exposed to childhood trauma reported a more external LOC (14 studies: SMD Median = 0.40, Interquartile range 0.07 to 0.52), consistent with a narrative synthesis of 11 other studies of LOC. There was substantial heterogeneity in the meta-analysis (I2 = 93%) not explained by study characteristics examined. Narrative syntheses for other biases showed weaker, or no evidence of association with trauma. The quality of included studies was generally low. Our review provides some evidence of an association between childhood trauma and a more external LOC, but not with the other biases examined. The low quality and paucity of studies for most of the cognitive biases examined highlights the need for more rigorous studies to determine which biases occur after trauma, and whether they mediate an effect of childhood trauma on psychosis.

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Early relational trauma and self representations: Misattributing externally derived representations as internally generated.

Abstract: Erroneously identifying information derived from other people as self-generated may be a specific sociocognitive propensity linked to early relational trauma and may impact upon the development of self schema. (PsycINFO Database Record

Cited by 8 publications

References 78 publications

How Preferred Brands Relate to the Self: The Effect of Brand Preference, Product Involvement, and Information Valence on Brand-Related Memory

How Preferred Brands Relate to the Self: The Effect of Brand Preference, Product Involvement, and Information Valence on Brand-Related Memory

Association between relational trauma and empathy among male offenders in China

Childhood trauma and cognitive biases associated with psychosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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