Early Repolarization in Athletes

An Electrocardiographic Early Repolarization Pattern in a Competitive Athlete: Is it a Sign of Danger?

“…First, athletes with ER have to be grouped according to the risk of developing SCD and be targeted accordingly. Second, it is necessary to identify which interventions exactly can achieve such goal [14].…”

Early asymptomatic arrythmia detection using intermittent ECG in the diagnostic process – A case report

“…Malignant early repolarization in active populations has a prevalence of 8-44% and in survivors of sudden cardiac arrest has remained persistent regardless of detraining or retirement [6]. A recent meta-analysis highlighted that the previously determined cut point of 3 second pauses cannot discriminate between athletes who will become symptomatic and early repolarization with STE and J points can be malignant or benign [6,7]. As such, development of additional objective criterion and monitoring processes are warranted to ensure athletes are not susceptible to severe consequences, such as sudden death or mortality as a result of uncontrollable symptoms (eg.…”

European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA)/Heart Rhythm Society (HRS)/Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS)/Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS) expert consensus on risk assessment in cardiac arrhythmias: use the right tool for the right outcome, in the right population

“…Early repolarization is especially prevalent in young men, particularly young black men, and in athletes. 44 Because the absolute risk of arrhythmic death is so low, asymptomatic individuals with early repolarization, even those with higher risk ECG patterns, do not require further evaluation except when there is a strong family history of sudden cardiac death or when the J point elevation is associated with Brugada syndrome (discussed later in this document) or short QT syndrome (SQT).…”