Early responses of silkworm midgut to microsporidium infection – A Digital Gene Expression analysis

Digital gene expression analysis of Helicoverpa armigera in the early stage of infection with Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus

“…In the current study, the fold changes of genes encoding neutral lipase, trypsin, juvenile hormone diol kinase, serine protease 52, and heat shock protein 90 were more intensive in the qRT-PCR than in the DGE analysis. Many reports have shown this type of divergences between DGE and qRT-PCR analysis Yang et al, 2014;Yue et al, 2015). Therefore, qRT-PCR validation is indispensible for sophisticated results concerning specific genes of interest.…”

“…The development of high-throughput deep sequencing technologies has had a dramatic impact on the analysis of differential gene expression among different samples (Morozova and Marra, 2008) and has accelerated the broad understanding of host responses to pathogen infections at a molecular level Hou et al, 2014;Yue et al, 2015). Comparative expressed-sequence tag analysis and genome-wide analysis of gene expression in silkworm cells 4 infected with Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) were conducted to estimate the host response to NPV infection (Okano et al, 2001;Sagisaka et al, 2010).…”

Transcriptome sequencing and characterization of ungerminated and germinated spores of <italic>Nosema bombycis</italic>

“…Some genomes of important microsporidia have been reported and analyzed [7][8][9]. Based on the understanding of the microsporidia genome, transcriptome studies have been widely carried out [9][10][11], which generated information on the changes of total mRNA during a particular period. The genome of N. bombycis was published in 2013, and studies have shown that the genome of N. bombycis is expanded, rather than compact as some other parasitic microsporidian genomes are through several common molecular mechanisms [12].…”

Microsporidia–host interactions

“…They used a genome-wide (23K) microarray chip for B. mori and examined host transcriptional response to N. bombycis at 2, 4, 6, and 8 days post infection [30]. Then more recently, these transcriptional studies were extended by examining additional early timepoints with a more modern Digital Gene Expression (DGE) analysis method [31]. In both studies, the authors highlight the differential expression of many genes active in the synthesis and metabolism of a key regulator of silkworm development, juvenile hormone.…”

“…In both studies, the authors highlight the differential expression of many genes active in the synthesis and metabolism of a key regulator of silkworm development, juvenile hormone. These changes in gene expression are likely responsible for increases in juvenile hormone during infection [30], which in turn is likely responsible for the small body size and delayed development that are symptoms of silkworm pébrine disease [30,31]. Interestingly, juvenile hormone also accumulates upon infection in Nosema ceranae -infected honey bees.…”