Early results for equivalent wavefield transform as a direct solution to the inverse problem for active infrared thermography and potential for perfusion information to differentiate healthy versus cancerous breast tissue

Gershenson, Jonathan; Gershenson, Meir

doi:10.1117/12.2548218

Cited by 4 publications

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“…Ohashi, subtract the cold series images from the initial images taken before cold stress. The authors 6,7 in previous work showed the use of virtual wave transform (VWT) applied to dynamic data to detect increased perfusion associated with the tumor.…”

Section: Of 11mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Vascular Imaging Using Active Breast Thermography

Gershenson¹,

Gershenson²

2023

Preprint

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Mammography is the gold standard for breast cancer screening and diagnostic imaging; however, there is an unmet clinical need for complementary methods to detect lesions not characterized by mammography. Far-infrared 'thermogram' breast imaging can map the skin temperature, and signal inversion with components analysis can be used to identify the mechanisms of thermal image generation of the vasculature using dynamic thermal data. This work focuses on using dynamic infrared breast imaging to identify the thermal response of the stationary vascular system and the physiologic vascular response to a temperature stimulus affected by vasomodulation. The recorded data is analyzed by converting the diffusive heat propagation into a virtual wave and identifying the reflection using component analysis. Clear images of passive thermal reflection and thermal response to vasomodulation were obtained. Validation of this proposed paradigm through further clinical exploration may demonstrate clinical utility for the IR modality in diagnostic imaging, offering a potential solution to the current unmet clinical need.

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Section: Of 11mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Vascular Imaging Using Active Breast Thermography

Gershenson¹,

Gershenson²

2023

Preprint

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“…The authors 8,9 in previous work demonstrated use of equivalent wave field transform (EWFT) applied to dynamic data to detect increased perfusion associated with the tumor.…”

Section: Breast Thermographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of components analysis in dynamic thermal breast imaging to identify pathophysiologic mechanisms of heat transfer

Gershenson

2021

Preprint

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Significance: Of the most compelling unsolved issues in the paradigm to create success in the field of breast cancer infrared imaging is localization of direct internal heat of the tumor. The contribution of differential heat production related to metabolism versus perfusion is not understood. Previous work until now has not shown progress beyond identifying veins which are fed by the hot cancer. Employing signal analysis techniques, we probe important questions which may lead to further understanding pathophysiology of heat transfer occurring in the setting of malignancy. Aim: When using thermal imaging to detect breast cancer, the dominant heat signature is that of indirect heat transported in gradient away from the tumor location. Unprocessed images strikingly display vasculature which acts to direct excess heat superficially towards the skin surface before dissipating. In current clinical use, interpretation of thermogram images considers abnormal vascular patterns and overall temperature as indicators of disease. The goal of this work is to present a processing method for dynamic external stimulus thermogram images to isolate and separate the indirect vascular heat while revealing the desired direct heat from the tumor. Approach: In dynamic thermal imaging of the breast, a timed series of images are taken following application of external temperature stimulus (most often cooled air). While the tumor heat response is thought to be independent of the external stimulus, the secondary heat of the veins is known to be affected by vasomodulation. The recorded data is analyzed using independent component analysis (ICA) and principal component analysis (PCA) methods. ICA separates the image sequence into new independent images having a common characteristic time behavior. Resulting individual components are analyzed for correspondence to the presence or lack of vasomodulation. Results: Using the Brazilian visual lab mastology data set containing dynamic thermograms, applying components analysis resulted in three corresponding images: 1. Minimum change as a function of applied temperature or time (suggests correlation with the cancer generated heat), 2. Moderate temperature dependence (suggests correlation with veins affected by vasomodulation) and 3. Complex time behavior (suggests correlation with heat absorption due to high tumor perfusion). All components appear clear and distinct. Conclusions: Applying signal processing methods to the dynamic infrared data, we found three distinct components with correspondence to understood physiologic processes. The two cases shown are self-evident of the capability of the method but are lacking supporting ground truth that is unavailable with such a limited data set. Validation of this proposed paradigm and studying furthering clinical applications has potential to create significant achievement for IR modality in diagnostic imaging.

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“…Novel thermal imaging techniques use what is called “thermal challenge,” “cold-stress,” or “dynamic imaging,” where either the breast or some other part of the body is cooled while taking the thermogram; in Y Ohashi’s work [ 13 ] subtracting the cold series images from the initial images taken before cold stress “diagnostic accuracy improved from 54% in steady-state thermography to 82% in dynamic” thermography. In previous work [ 14 , 15 ], the authors showed the use of virtual wave transform (VWT) applied to dynamic data to detect increased perfusion associated with the tumor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Vascular Imaging Using Active Breast Thermography

Gershenson

2023

Sensors

Self Cite

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Mammography is considered the gold standard for breast cancer screening and diagnostic imaging; however, there is an unmet clinical need for complementary methods to detect lesions not characterized by mammography. Far-infrared ‘thermogram’ breast imaging can map the skin temperature, and signal inversion with components analysis can be used to identify the mechanisms of thermal image generation of the vasculature using dynamic thermal data. This work focuses on using dynamic infrared breast imaging to identify the thermal response of the stationary vascular system and the physiologic vascular response to a temperature stimulus affected by vasomodulation. The recorded data are analyzed by converting the diffusive heat propagation into a virtual wave and identifying the reflection using component analysis. Clear images of passive thermal reflection and thermal response to vasomodulation were obtained. In our limited data, the magnitude of vasoconstriction appears to depend on the presence of cancer. The authors propose future studies with supporting diagnostic and clinical data that may provide validation of the proposed paradigm.

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Early results for equivalent wavefield transform as a direct solution to the inverse problem for active infrared thermography and potential for perfusion information to differentiate healthy versus cancerous breast tissue

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Dynamic Vascular Imaging Using Active Breast Thermography

Dynamic Vascular Imaging Using Active Breast Thermography

Application of components analysis in dynamic thermal breast imaging to identify pathophysiologic mechanisms of heat transfer

Dynamic Vascular Imaging Using Active Breast Thermography

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