Early samples of oil in water and some analyses of zooplankton

Mackie, P. R.; Hardy, R.; Butler, E. I.; Holligan, Patrick M.; Spooner, Molly F.

doi:10.1016/0025-326x(78)90252-7

Cited by 27 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…copepods) vary widely depending on intrinsic (e.g., species, life stage, size) and extrinsic factors (e.g., oil concentration, exposure time, temperature) [30], [35]–[38]. Field and laboratory studies have also shown that copepods can accumulate PAHs [22], [25], [39]–[41]. Most crude oil toxicity tests and PAH bioaccumulation studies on zooplankton have been conducted using the crude oil water soluble fraction (WSF), or certain mixed or individual PAHs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between Zooplankton and Crude Oil: Toxic Effects and Bioaccumulation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Almeda¹,

et al. 2013

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We conducted ship-, shore- and laboratory-based crude oil exposure experiments to investigate (1) the effects of crude oil (Louisiana light sweet oil) on survival and bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in mesozooplankton communities, (2) the lethal effects of dispersant (Corexit 9500A) and dispersant-treated oil on mesozooplankton, (3) the influence of UVB radiation/sunlight exposure on the toxicity of dispersed crude oil to mesozooplankton, and (4) the role of marine protozoans on the sublethal effects of crude oil and in the bioaccumulation of PAHs in the copepod Acartia tonsa. Mortality of mesozooplankton increased with increasing oil concentration following a sigmoid model with a median lethal concentration of 32.4 µl L−1 in 16 h. At the ratio of dispersant to oil commonly used in the treatment of oil spills (i.e. 1∶20), dispersant (0.25 µl L−1) and dispersant- treated oil were 2.3 and 3.4 times more toxic, respectively, than crude oil alone (5 µl L−1) to mesozooplankton. UVB radiation increased the lethal effects of dispersed crude oil in mesozooplankton communities by 35%. We observed selective bioaccumulation of five PAHs, fluoranthene, phenanthrene, pyrene, chrysene and benzo[b]fluoranthene in both mesozooplankton communities and in the copepod A. tonsa. The presence of the protozoan Oxyrrhis marina reduced sublethal effects of oil on A. tonsa and was related to lower accumulations of PAHs in tissues and fecal pellets, suggesting that protozoa may be important in mitigating the harmful effects of crude oil exposure in copepods and the transfer of PAHs to higher trophic levels. Overall, our results indicate that the negative impact of oil spills on mesozooplankton may be increased by the use of chemical dispersant and UV radiation, but attenuated by crude oil-microbial food webs interactions, and that both mesozooplankton and protozoans may play an important role in fate of PAHs in marine environments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between Zooplankton and Crude Oil: Toxic Effects and Bioaccumulation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Almeda¹,

et al. 2013

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“…These crude oil droplets are frequently in the food size spectra of many zooplankters, including planktonic copepods and there is evidence of ingestion of crude oil droplets by some zooplankton species (Conover 1971; Mackie et al 1978; Hebert and Poulet 1980; Lee et al 2012). However, the importance of the ingestion of dispersed crude oil by zooplankton has been traditionally ignored and considered as an anecdotic event.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ingestion and sublethal effects of physically and chemically dispersed crude oil on marine planktonic copepods

Almeda¹,

Baca

Hyatt³

et al. 2014

Ecotoxicology

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Planktonic copepods play a key function in marine ecosystems, however, little is known about the effects of dispersants and chemically dispersed crude oil on these important planktonic organisms. We examined the potential for the copepods Acartia tonsa, Temora turbinata and Parvocalanus crassirostris to ingest crude oil droplets and determined the acute toxicity of the dispersant Corexit® 9500A, and physically and chemically dispersed crude oil to these copepods. We detected ingestion of crude oil droplets by adults and nauplii of the three copepod species. Exposure to crude oil alone (1 µL L−1, 48 h) caused a reduction of egg production rates (EPRs) by 26–39 %, fecal pellet production rates (PPRs) by 11–27 %, and egg hatching (EH) by 1–38 % compared to the controls, depending on the species. Dispersant alone (0.05 µL L−1, 48 h) produced a reduction in EPR, PPR and EH by 20–35, 12–23 and 2–11 %, respectively. Dispersant-treated crude oil was the most toxic treatment, ~1.6 times more toxic than crude oil alone, causing a reduction in EPR, PPR and EH by 45–54, 28–41 and 11–31 %, respectively. Our results indicate that low concentrations of dispersant Corexit 9500A and chemically dispersed crude oil are toxic to marine zooplankton, and that the ingestion of crude oil droplets by copepods may be an important route by which crude oil pollution can enter marine food webs.

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“…This seawater concentr atio n i s within the range measured in surface waters beneath recently deposited oil slicks (Grose and Mattson, 1977;Law, 1978;Mackie et al, 1978) and because of the abundance of all larval stages in near surface waters (Scarratt, 1964; Lu nd and Stewart , 1970), would be encountered by l arva l lobsters immediately fo llowing a spi ll . Accumulation of hydrocarbons in a planktonic food so urce provides an alternative route of exposure to larval lobsters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Crude oil effects to developmental stages of the American lobster

Capuzzo¹

1981

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Early samples of oil in water and some analyses of zooplankton

Cited by 27 publications

References 4 publications

Interactions between Zooplankton and Crude Oil: Toxic Effects and Bioaccumulation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Interactions between Zooplankton and Crude Oil: Toxic Effects and Bioaccumulation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Ingestion and sublethal effects of physically and chemically dispersed crude oil on marine planktonic copepods

Crude oil effects to developmental stages of the American lobster

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