Early sexual maturity in local boars of Northeastern India: Age-related changes in testicular growth, epididymal sperm characteristics and peripheral testosterone levels

Kumaresan, A.; Bujarbaruah, K. M.; Kadirvel, G.; Khargharia, G.; Sarma, Rumi G.; Goswami, J.; Basumatary, Rantu; Palaniappan, Kavitha; Bardoloi, R.K.

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.10.009

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Interestingly, we found that both a high or low dietary n-3/n-6 ratio had adverse effects on sperm motility. As reported by Daraji [ 40 ], higher dietary n-6 PUFA (n-6/n-3 = 42.94:1) decreased sperm concentration and the number of normal sperm. Blank et al [ 41 ] reported that ratios of LA:ALA (Linoleic acid: Alpha linolenic acid) lower than 4:1 would have little beneficial effect on docosahexaenoic acid status, suggesting that the proper ratio of dietary n-6/n-3 is important.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Effects of different dietary n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios on boar reproduction

et al. 2016

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BackgroundN-3 and N-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids are widely used in reproduction, yet few studies have addressed the effects of dietary n-6/n-3 ratios on boar reproduction. The present study aimed to determine the effects of different dietary n-6/n-3 ratios on the reproductive performance ofn breeding boars. Thirty-two boars with body weights of 15.0 ± 1.4 kg were divided into four treatments (C, T1, T2, T3) and fed diets with different n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratios (29.06:1, 20.07:1, 1:1, 1:17.96, respectively) for 174 days.ResultsThe highest testis index was observed for treatment T2. Sperm density and total sperm number per ejaculate in the T2 treatment were significantly higher than those in all other treatments, whereas the sperm deformity rate was the lowest. Interestingly, the fatty acid compositions and ratios of sperm were consistent with dietary treatments. Acid phosphatase and fructose concentration of seminal plasma, and the total superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase of sperm in T2 were higher than those in other treatments. The concentration of testosterone and prostaglandin E2 increased in boars fed on diets supplemented with fatty acids as compared with boars subjected to the C grouptreatment, reaching a peak at n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratios of 1:1. Furthermore, higher expression of Δ6-fatty acid desaturase and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-α in spermatozoa of the T2 treatment were observed, indicating more vigorous metabolism and intensive hormonal regulation.ConclusionsOur data suggest that the ideal n-6/n-3 ratio in the diet of breeding boars is 1:1, and proper balancing of n-6/n-3 fatty acids plays an important role in male reproduction.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Effects of different dietary n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios on boar reproduction

et al. 2016

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“…Puberty is the process of physical maturation of an animal to be capable of sexual reproduction (Nonneman et al., 2016). In males, it can be defined as the age when physiologically normal spermatozoa (SPZ) first appear in the ejaculate (Kumaresan et al., 2011) together with the ability to mate (Karunakaran et al., 2009). The pubertal age depends on genetic and environmental factors, including intra‐ and inter‐breeds genetic differences, season, social environment and nutritional status (Gethöffer et al., 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of gonadal macroscopic and microscopic morphometry reveals precocious puberty in Bísaro pig

Paixão

Esteves

Carolino

et al. 2020

Reprod Domestic Animals

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Bísaro pig (BP) population has grown in numbers in the last decade, representing today one of the most important Portuguese livestock breeds (Paixao et al., 2018). Yet, the high-end cured products, which drove this growth, no longer represent the major production of this breed. Difficulties to comply with EU welfare regulations are being pointed out as the main factor involved in this phenomenon. This is especially important when it refers to surgical castration restrictions introduced by the Council Directive 2008/120/EC from December 2008, specifying that surgical castration of pigs shall only be performed with prolonged analgesia and/or anaesthesia. Comprising a large number of smallholders and free-range farms (Paixao et al., 2018), Bísaro producers face many handling constraints to rear young animals up to 14 months of age for cured meat products. Rearing entire animals, with modified feedstuff or improved genetics to lower androstenone and skatole levels in the carcase and thus boar taint, could be pointed as an alternative to physical castration (Backus et al., 2016; Heyrman et al., 2018). Yet, these strategies are less reliable in animals of such age. In local breeds with no consistent breeding programs immunocastration is also suggested as valid alternative to surgical castration (De Briyne et al., 2016; Prunier et al., 2006) even though the effectiveness of this method is yet to prove in

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“…Early onset of puberty is an economic attribute in the swine production system, as it ensures lower spending on extra boar care and improves reproductive life (Kumaresan et al 2011). A miniature indigenous breed called 'Tenyi-vo' (Accession no.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Testicular Biometry, Steroid Hormones and Receptor Expression in the Peripubertal Period of Indigenous Tenyi-vo Male Pigs of North-eastern Himalayan Region in India

Patra

Kent

Ngullie

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Present study was conducted to characterize the testicular changes in the peripubertal period in Tenyi-vo, a miniature size pig of North-eastern Himalayan (NEH) region of India. A total of twenty-four male pigs were randomly selected and categorised for castration at different age groups, G1 (Days 30-45), G2 (Days 60-65), G3 (Days 80-100) and G4 (Days 150-160), n=6 each category. Paired testes and epididymis were used for the assessment of biometry, cauda epididymal spermiogram, testicular histology and relative expression of the androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ), aromatase (CYP19A1), and insulin like growth factor-1β receptor (IGF-1R) in qPCR. Plasma testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), tri-iodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and cortisol concentrations were estimated on the day of castration in each group of male using commercial ELISA kits. In pigs of G2, a greater testicular weight, volume, epididymis weight was observed relative to G1. The presence of live spermatozoa at 1240.9±304.2×106/mLconcentration with 0.65% proximal droplets was recorded as early as day 60. The concentration of T increased steadily over the age of G1 to G4 and a significantly higher concentration was observed in G4 relative to the other categories. Among the transcripts analysed in the testis, the relative fold change of AR was 10.8 fold in G2, which was subsequently reduced in G3 and then down-regulated in G4. CYP19A1 was abundantly expressed in the testis and the fold change ranged from 41-54 fold, although it did not differ significantly from 60-150 days of age. Further, the presence of well-developed seminiferous tubules was evident in the Tenyi-vo male from day 60 onward with a body weight as low as 4.28 kg. The study concluded that the male of Tenyi-vo pig attained puberty at the earliest age of 60 days.

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Early sexual maturity in local boars of Northeastern India: Age-related changes in testicular growth, epididymal sperm characteristics and peripheral testosterone levels

Cited by 12 publications

References 26 publications

Effects of different dietary n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios on boar reproduction

Effects of different dietary n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios on boar reproduction

Evaluation of gonadal macroscopic and microscopic morphometry reveals precocious puberty in Bísaro pig

Changes in Testicular Biometry, Steroid Hormones and Receptor Expression in the Peripubertal Period of Indigenous Tenyi-vo Male Pigs of North-eastern Himalayan Region in India

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