Early signs and symptoms of psychosis among Palauan adolescents

Abstract

Findings are generally consistent with previous research on early indicators, though several unexpected findings suggest that results from this study may not be fully generalizable beyond this relatively isolated and culturally distinct Micronesian nation.

Cannabis use in Adolescence and Risk of Psychosis: Are there Factors that Moderate this Relationship? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Majority of the studies utilized a prospective cohort design, 18 , 37 , 41 – 43 , 47 , 48 , 51 , 53 , 54 , 59 – 76 followed by cross-sectional design, 36 , 38 , 39 , 45 , 46 , 52 , 55 , 77 – 91 with the least using a case control approach. 40 , 49 , 50 , 56 – 58 , 92 – 94…”

“…In some studies cannabis use was assessed by self-report with no use of validated instruments. 18 , 44 , 53 , 60 , 63 – 66 , 68 , 69 , 71 , 75 , 77 – 79 , 81 , 82 , 84 , 90 For studies which used validated instruments, the following tools were used: Detection of Alcohol and Drug Problems in Adolescents [DEP-ADO], 67 European adaptation of multidimensional assessment instrument for drug and alcohol dependence, 95 Composite International Diagnostic Schedule (CIDI); 38 , 45 , 70 , 72 – 74 , 89 , 96 Kiddie schedule for non-affective disorders and schizophrenia (KSADS-E); 40 , 41 , 61 , 83 , 93 , 94 Cannabis Experience Questionnaire; 49 – 51 , 57 , 58 , 76 Minnesota center for twin and family research self-report for substance use; 36 Structured clinical interviews for diagnostic and statistical manual for mental disorders fourth edition (SCID/DSM-IV); 37 , 46 , 62 , 80 Alcohol, Smoking and Substance involvement Screening tool (ASSIST); 55 , 56 , 97 Substance use questionnaire; 42 ,…”

“…The participants in the studies used in this review ranged from adolescents to adults, with the majority comprising of an adolescent population only. 18,[38][39][40]47,48,[51][52][53][54][55][56]60,61,67,77,82,83,85,[87][88][89][90][91][92][93][95][96][97] The majority of the studies (n ¼ 33, 52.4%) included in the review were conducted among participants in the general population/community, seven studies were conducted in schools and in 17 studies participants were recruited from hospitals or clinical settings. Five case control studies had cases recruited from clinical settings and controls from the general population or community.…”

“…54,57,64,68,69,74 However, for the early developmental stages of psychopathology (EDSP) study, [72][73][74] we included the latest study in the meta-analysis 74 and one that reported data on frequency of cannabis use was used in the sub-analysis. 72 Funding Most of the studies with the exception of four studies 55,83,90,91 reported on the funding source for their research. The authors reported that the funding source did not have any role in the study design, data collection or analysis and publication of the research.…”

First episode of psychosis in Guam: The role of ethnicity and neighbourhood factors

“…Results also indicated a high rate of FEP for individuals from Palau; several studies have already noted increased psychosis on the island of Palau (Hezel & Wylie, 1992; Madraisau et al, 2010; Myles‐Worsley et al, 1999). Moreover, Hammond et al (1983) found that 43% of patients with schizophrenia in Palau had their first psychotic episode while living abroad.…”