Early sowing increases grain yield and cooking and eating quality of machine‐transplanted rice in eastern China

Abstract

In this study, field experiments were conducted in 2 yr with two rice varieties to compare use of light and temperature resources, crop growth characteristics, yield traits, and cooking and eating quality of machine-transplanted rice (Oryza sativa) in rice-wheat (Triticum aestivum) double cropping system among five sowing dates.The results showed that the total growth duration, total cumulative temperature, and total cumulative solar radiation and total biomass production from transplanting to maturity decreased with the delay in sowing date. The first sowing date (22 May) had a 1.8-11.7% higher total biomass production and 0.2-16.7% higher grain yield than the other four sowing dates (29 May, 5 June, 11 June, 18 June) across two cultivars and 2 yr. Early sowing increased leaf aera index at heading and maturity, daily mean temperature, cumulative temperature, use efficiency of cumulative temperature and solar radiation, crop growth rate, leaf area duration, and biomass production during jointing to heading and heading to maturity. Early sowing increased gel consistency, reduced amylose and protein content and increased the taste value of cooked rice. When the sowing date was delayed, rice starch Rapid Viscosity Analyzer (RVA) profile parameter, including the peak viscosity and breakdown value decreased, and the setback value increased. These results suggest that early sowing can improve use of temperature and light resources, crop growth characteristics, starch RVA spectrum characteristics, reduce rice protein content, and consequently increase biomass production, grain yield, and improve cooking and eating quality of machine-transplanted rice in eastern China. INTRODUCTIONRice (Oryza sativa) is the staple food for more than 65% of the population in China and nearly 4 billion people in Asia, where 90% of the rice produced and consumed globally

Effect of Sowing Date on the Growth Characteristics and Yield of Growth-Constrained Direct-Seeding Rice

“…The results showed that delaying the sowing date shortened the vegetative growth period and the population of rice. The shortening of the booting stage decreased the number of spikelets and grains, and delaying the heading date decreased the daily average temperature and effective accumulated temperature at the filling stage, which led to lower grain filling [39,40]. In this study, it was greatly affected by low temperatures; the main component was temperature resources during the earlier stage and panicles, and the temperature was the main influencing factor at different sowing dates [41].…”

Responses of spring wheat growth to climate change in different climatic regions of northwest China

“…Increasing numbers of studies have shown that climate change has had a huge impact on the natural and ecological systems during the last century. The response of vegetation to climate warming is mainly studied by analyzing satellite data, such as changes in net primary productivity (Huang et al., 2020; Liu et al., 2019; Wen et al., 2018), normalized difference vegetation index (Jiao et al., 2021), vegetation greening (Lawal et al., 2019; Li et al., 2016; Zou et al., 2020), phenology (Su et al., 2020), biotic province (Correa‐Metrio et al., 2011; Lucht et al., 2006; Sun et al., 2017), net biocommunity productivity (Huang et al., 2019), pasture output (Habermann et al., 2019; Lu & Lu, 2002), forest fire (Murdiyarso & Adiningsih, 2006; Oris et al., 2014), and crop quality (Li et al., 2021; Rasel Parvej et al., 2020). Climate change is expected to reduce global wheat production by 1.9% by the middle of the century, with African and South Asian countries expected to have the worst impacts, average production cuts by 2050 are 15% and 16%, respectively.…”

Effect of Transplanting Dates on the Paddy (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivar CR Dhan 307 (Maudamani) in Terai Zone of West Bengal, India

“…Ultimately, timely transplanting of paddy seedlings helps to attain the optimal productivity [11]. Under field condition, the impact of temperature on phenological development and crop productivity can be examined by accumulated heat unit system since plants require a definite temperature before reaching the certain physiological stage [12].…”