Early Studies concerning Time in Chemical Reactions

Farber, Eduard

doi:10.2307/27757210

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The first systematic idea about time in chemical reactions was formulated by Wenzel (Muir 1907;Farber 1961). In 1777 he published the 'Theory of the affinities of substances', in which he described some measurements of the rates of the dissolution of metals in acids.…”

Section: About Dynamics In Chemical Equilibriummentioning

confidence: 99%

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From Chemical Forces to Chemical Rates: A Historical/Philosophical Foundation for the Teaching of Chemical Equilibrium

Quílez

2006

Sci & Educ

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With this paper, our main aim is to contribute to the realisation of the chemical reactivity concept, tracing the historical evolution of the concept of chemical affinity that eventually supported the concept of chemical equilibrium. We will concentrate on searching for the theoretical grounds of three key chemical equilibrium ideas: 'incomplete reaction', 'reversibility' and 'dynamics'. In addition, the paper aims to promote teachers' philosophical/ historical chemical knowledge. The starting point of this historical reconstruction will be the state of the art in the construction of the first affinity tables, based on the concept of elective affinities, during the 18th century. Berthollet reworked this idea, considering that the amount of the substances involved in a reaction was a key factor accounting for the chemical forces. Guldberg and Waage attempted to measure those forces, formulating the first affinity mathematical equations. Afterwards, the first ideas providing a molecular interpretation of the macroscopic properties of equilibrium reactions are presented. Eventually, theoretical chemists integrated previous findings into a new field: thermodynamics. This historical approach may serve as a base for an appropriate sequencing of the teaching and learning of chemical equilibrium. Hence, this paper tries to go beyond the simple development of teachers' conceptions of the nature of chemistry, for it gives suggestions about how teachers may translate such understandings into classroom practice.

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Section: About Dynamics In Chemical Equilibriummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The birth of chemical kinetics is often considered to have occurred in 1850, when the German chemist Wilhelmy studied quantitatively the rate of inversion of sucrose (Farber 1961;Laidler 1985). He set up, for the first time, a differential equation expressing the rate as a function of sucrose concentration.…”

Section: About Dynamics In Chemical Equilibriummentioning

confidence: 99%

From Chemical Forces to Chemical Rates: A Historical/Philosophical Foundation for the Teaching of Chemical Equilibrium

Quílez

2006

Sci & Educ

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“…The first systematic idea about time in chemical reactions was formulated by Wenzel (Farber, 1961). In 1777 he published the "Theory of the affinities of substances", in which he described some measurements of the rates of the dissolution of metals in acids.…”

Section: About Dynamics In Chemical Equilibriummentioning

confidence: 99%

A Historical Approach to the Development of Chemical Equilibrium Through the Evolution of the Affinity Concept: Some Educational Suggestions

Quílez

2004

Chem. Educ. Res. Pract.

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“…Chemists, in the words of Edmund Farber (55), "were late in developing time-consciousness". Chemists, in the words of Edmund Farber (55), "were late in developing time-consciousness".…”

Section: Determination Of Enzyme Activities As a Quantifying Diagnostmentioning

confidence: 99%

History of Clinical Chemistry/Geschichte der Klinischen Chemie

1981

CCLM

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The evolution of clinical enzymology is discussed in relation to the history of general enzymology and clinical chemistry. The discussion is limited to the period from 1835 (definition of catalysis by Berzelius) to 1935 (description of the optical test by Warburg). In conclusion, a general account is given of the introduction of the concept of quantitative enzyme activity determination into clinical medicine. Die Entwicklung der klinischen EnzymologieZusammenfassung: Die Entwicklung der Klinischen Enzymologie wird vor dem Hintergrund der Geschichte der Allgemeinen Enzymologie sowie der Klinischen Chemie dargestellt. Die Schilderung beschränkt sich auf den Zeitraum von 1835 (Definition des Begriffes Katalyse durch Berzelius) und 1935 (Beschreibung des optischen Tests durch Warburg). Abschließend wird die Rezeption des Konzeptes quantitativer Enzymaktivitätsbestimmungen durch die Klinische Medizin unter allgemeinen Gesichtspunkten besprochen.

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Early Studies concerning Time in Chemical Reactions

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

From Chemical Forces to Chemical Rates: A Historical/Philosophical Foundation for the Teaching of Chemical Equilibrium

From Chemical Forces to Chemical Rates: A Historical/Philosophical Foundation for the Teaching of Chemical Equilibrium

A Historical Approach to the Development of Chemical Equilibrium Through the Evolution of the Affinity Concept: Some Educational Suggestions

History of Clinical Chemistry/Geschichte der Klinischen Chemie

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