Early Swedish Hot-Bulb Engines - Efficiency and Performance Compared to Contemporary Gasoline and Diesel Engines

Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Combustion: Challenges and Proposed Solutions

“…The hot-bulb had to be heated on the outside for the start-up and once the engine had started, the hot-bulb was kept hot by using the burned gases. Later design placed injection through the connecting passage between the hot-bulb and the main chamber so that a more homogeneous mixture could be formed, resulting in auto-ignited homogeneous charge combustion [6].…”

Overview of modeling techniques and their application to HCCI/CAI engines

“…HCCI (homogeneous charge compression ignition) has recently emerged as an alternative combustion mode for internal combustion engines with efficiency and emission advantages over conventional (spark ignited, SI; and diesel) engines. While HCCI engines are not a new concept (Erlandsson, 2002), only recently have advances in microprocessor-based control and combustion technologies made HCCI possible.…”

Motivation, definition and history of HCCI/CAI engines

“…In the case of diesel engines, the hot-bulb 2-stroke or 4-stroke oil engines or diesel engines were patented and developed over 100 years ago [7], wherein kerosene, or raw oil was injected onto the surface of a heated chamber (hot-bulb), which was separated from the main cylinder volume, very early in the compression stroke, giving plenty of time for fuel to vaporise and mix with air. However, it has been around perhaps as long as the spark ignition (SI) combustion in gasoline engine and compression ignition (CI) combustion in diesel engines.…”