Forest and land fires cause problems in the form of burnt areas which damage the environment. Forest and land fires are a national environmental issue in Indonesia because they occur every year. This study aims to determine history of changes in plantation areas, especially oil palm and rubber, history of changes in number of annual hotspots and determine the level of fire vulnerability in plantation areas in Ogan Ilir Regency as an anticipation of plantation managers against fires. The method used is statistical analysis of changes history in plantation area and spatial modeling of fire vulnerability using ArcGIS. The results of the study showed that there was a change in land cover, especially an increase in oil palm and rubber plantations in 2016, which was one year after the increase in hotspots in 2015, this shows the use of burnt land, whether intentionally or not, as a plantation. The vulnerability of fires in Ogan Ilir is classified as very low (31.20%), low (47.11%), moderate (9.53%) and high (11.92%). The distribution of forest and land fire vulnerability is in the southwest and southeast of Ogan Ilir which are adjacent to oil palm plantation areas, this is because historically the burned land was used as a plantation either directly or already overgrown with shrubs. The results of this study provide implications for oil palm plantation managers to improve monitoring of land conditions, especially during dry months and in certain years. This needs to be considered for better plantation management.