“…However, the fact is that reported earnings, which are based on standards, do not reflect the true earnings of the companies, which are based on quality. This is because managers may be involved in earnings manipulations in order to earn bonuses, obtain compensation and enhance their corporate image (Burgstahler & Dichev, 1997;Noronha, Zeng, & Vinten, 2008;Schipper, 1989). In addition, there are many other reasons why and how managers manipulate, such as capital market pressure, managerial incentives, political connections, building credibility with the capital market, maintaining or increasing stock prices, improving the external reputation of the management team, to convey future growth prospects and unrealistic forecasting of revenues.…”