Earthquake hazards and community resilience in Baluchistan

Towards an Urban Resilience Index: A Case Study in 50 Spanish Cities

“…Since the existing resilience indicators measure urban resilience from an ecological or engineering perspective [38,45,52,55,56] for specific disturbances [38,[45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56] or for only a part of the system [58,[60][61][62], we have developed a new conceptual framework to measure social-ecological urban resilience. In order to select indicators, we first identified key factors that affect urban resilience and how they affect the system's resilience [39] as variables of our index.…”

“…As we mentioned in Section 1, most urban resilience indexes are composed of social, economic, institutional and physical resilience dimensions [38,[45][46][47][53][54][55], measured in turn by several indicators. However, these indexes do not apply a social-ecological framework, and most indicators refer to the capacity to persist or return to a previous state in the face of a specific disturbance, usually natural disasters.…”

“…Some indicators introduce variables related to social-ecological resilience, such as social cohesion [38,45,46,50,54] or ecosystem services [53,54], but other terms related to the concept of resilience, from a non-equilibrium view, are not considered. Few indicators have been developed to measure urban resilience for non-specific risks [58][59][60][61][62], and these have mostly focused on single parts of the urban system, such as energy [60,62], water provision [58] and urban drainage systems [61].…”

Resilience indicators: opportunities for including distributive justice concerns in disaster management

“…Many of the papers in the review cite Norris et al, who distinguish between the following levels of analysis: physical, ecological, social, city, community, and individual (Norris et al, 2008). In the context of disaster management, resilience is most often studied at the community level (Ainuddin & Routray, 2012;Chen, Ferng, Wang, Wu, & Wang, 2008;Cutter, Ash, & Emrich, 2014;Felsenstein & Lichter, 2014;Frazier, Thompson, Dezzani, & Butsick, 2013;Kafle, 2012). In the context of disasters, individual resilience is the second most prevalent level of analysis and the one most often studied in the medical and psychological literature (cf., Chang & Taormina 2011;Eisenman et al, 2014;Livanou et al, 2005;Rodriguez-Llanes, Vos, & Guha-Sapir, 2013;Van der Velden, Wong, Boshuizen, & Grievink, 2013).…”

Resiliência urbana e a gestão de riscos de escorregamentos: uma avaliação da defesa civil do município de Santos - SP.

“…ROUTRAY, 2012;CARPENTER, 2015;JOERIN et al, 2012;TANG et al, 2015); o impacto das mudanças climáticas (BROWN; DAYAL; RIO, 2012;JABAREEN, 2013;KHAILANI;PERERA, 2013;KLEIN;NICHOLLS;THOMALLA, 2003); e (c) desastres naturais específicos, como inundações (GUPTA, 2007;LHOMME et al, 2013;LIAO, 2012;SUASSUNA, 2014;SUDMEIER;JABOYEDOFF;JAQUET, 2013 …”