Earthquake scaling, fault segmentation, and structural maturity

Manighetti, Isabelle; Campillo, Míchel; Bouley, Sylvain; Cotton, Fabrice

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2006.11.004

Cited by 282 publications

(384 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…10) represent rupture lengths, the potential magnitude of an associated earthquake can be inferred from D-L regressions (Wells and Coppersmith, 1994). However, it is necessary to recall that: (1) part of the surface expression of fault activity may be concealed by sedimentation, especially at tips of overlapping segments, where cumulative displacements are less: this is indeed what is suggested by the along-strike evolution of scar heights, at least for the B and D segments (see H1 evolution, Table 2); (2) surface slip is only a fraction of actual slip at depth, averaging ~ 40% for moderate-size reverse earthquakes (Manighetti et al, 2006); and (3) fault rupture of M > 6 earthquakes often concerns several adjacent fault segments or cracks, inducing large along-strike-slip variability and slip saturation ( [Rubin, 1995] and [Manighetti et al, 2005]). If we hypothesize here that close segments A (~ 30 km), B (~ 30 km), and C (~ 20 km) may break during a single large event, the scaling relations between surface displacement and length (Manighetti et al, 2006) indicate relatively mature fault segments and yield a consistent seismic moment Mo of 1-2 × 1020 Nm and a magnitude Mw of ~ 7.5 (Wells and Coppersmith, 1994), i.e.…”

Section: Fault Segmentation and Seismic Potentialmentioning

confidence: 83%

Recent and active deformation pattern off the easternmost Algerian margin, Western Mediterranean Sea: New evidence for contractional tectonic reactivation

et al. 2009

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International audienceWe describe for the first time a set of large active thrusts and folds near the foot of the easternmost Algerian margin, Western Mediterranean, from swath bathymetry and high-resolution seismic data acquired in 2005 during the Maradja2/Samra cruise. This active system resumes a previous passive margin and creates growth strata deposition on the limbs of large folds, resulting in the development of perched basins at the foot of the margin since less than ~ 1 Ma. They form a set of overlapping fault segments verging toward the Algerian basin, in a way similar to what has been observed off eastern Algiers on the rupture zone of the 2003 Mw 6.8 Boumerdes earthquake. The horizontal shortening rate across large folds is estimated to be of the order of 1 mm/yr. Although no historical earthquakes are reported here, these fault segments could have been responsible for large (M ~ 7.5) events in the past. This young tectonic system further supports the hypothesis of subduction inception of the Neogene oceanic lithosphere in the context of the Africa–Eurasia convergence

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Section: Fault Segmentation and Seismic Potentialmentioning

confidence: 83%

Recent and active deformation pattern off the easternmost Algerian margin, Western Mediterranean Sea: New evidence for contractional tectonic reactivation

et al. 2009

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“…Such setting is also the one assumed in the so-called "W -model" 47,48 , which also predicts the saturation of the slip amount for very long ruptures. The scaling relation between the mean slip amount and the rupture length for natural faults has long been discussed 8,[47][48][49][50][51][52] , where some reported that the mean slip amount tended to be size independent for very large events with L r much longer than the seismogeniczone width W 8,49-51 . Additional information can be obtained by looking at the manner how the rupture propagates during the main- shock.…”

Section: The Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Fig.1(a) of Ref. 51 suggests that the slip amount tends to saturate for longer rupture length of L r 100 − 200 [km].…”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical properties of the one-dimensional Burridge-Knopoff model of earthquakes obeying the rate- and state-dependent friction law

et al. 2017

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Statistical properties of the one-dimensional spring-block (Burridge-Knopoff) model of earthquakes obeying the rate and state dependent friction law are studied by extensive computer simulations. The quantities computed include the magnitude distribution, the rupture-length distribution, the mainshock recurrence-time distribution, the seismic time correlations before and after the mainshock, the mean slip amount, and the mean stress drop at the mainshock, etc. Events of the model can be classified into two distinct categories. One tends to be unilateral with its epicenter located at the rim of the rupture zone of the preceding event, while the other tends to be bilateral with enhanced "characteristic" features resembling the so-called "asperity". For both types events, the distribution of the rupture length Lr exhibits an exponential behavior at larger sizes, ≈ exp[−Lr/L0] with a characteristic "seismic correlation length" L0. The mean slip as well as the mean stress drop tends to be rupture-length independent for larger events. The continuum limit of the model is examined, where the model is found to exhibit pronounced characteristic features. In the continuum limit, the characteristic rupture length L0 is estimated to be ∼100 [km]. This means that, even in a hypothetical homogenous infinite fault, events cannot be indefinitely large in the exponential sense, the upper limit being of order ∼ 10 3 kilometers. Implications to real seismicity are discussed.

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“…Bouchon et al (2010) observed the fault rupture surface of several earthquakes with supershear ruptures and concluded that the rupture may propagate at a supershear speed only when the geometry of the fault is simple. Besides, Manighetti et al (2007) and Radiguet et al (2009) analyzed stress drop, another important source parameter, with respect to the so-called maturity of faults. Maturity includes fault features such as age, length, and cumulative displacement on the fault.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Variability of the Directivity Pulse Periods Observed during an Earthquake

Fayjaloun¹,

Causse²,

Cornou³

et al. 2016

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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The ground velocity pulses generated by rupture directivity effects in the near-fault region can cause a large amount of damage to structures. Proper estimation of the period of such velocity pulses is of particular importance in characterizing near-fault seismic hazard and mitigating potential damage. We propose a simple equation to determine the pulse period as a function of the site location with respect to the fault rupture (defined by the hypocentral distance hypD, the closest distance to the rupture area clsD, and the length of the rupture area that breaks toward the site D) and some basic rupture properties (average rupture speed and average rise time). Our equation is first validated from a dataset of synthetic velocity time histories, deploying simulations of various strike-slip extended ruptures in a homogeneous medium. The analysis of the synthetic dataset confirms that the pulse period does not depend on the whole rupture area, but only on the parameter D. It also reveals that the pulse period is not sensitive to the level of slip heterogeneity on the fault plane. Our model is tested next on a real dataset build from the Next Generation Attenuation-West2 Project database, compiling 110 observations of velocity pulse periods from 10 strike-slip events and 6 non-strike-slip events. The standard deviation of the natural logarithm residuals between observations and predictions is ∼0:5. Furthermore, the correlation coefficient between observations and predictions equals ∼0:8, indicating that despite its simplicity, our model explains fairly well the spatial variability of the pulse periods.

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Earthquake scaling, fault segmentation, and structural maturity

Cited by 282 publications

References 41 publications

Recent and active deformation pattern off the easternmost Algerian margin, Western Mediterranean Sea: New evidence for contractional tectonic reactivation

Recent and active deformation pattern off the easternmost Algerian margin, Western Mediterranean Sea: New evidence for contractional tectonic reactivation

Statistical properties of the one-dimensional Burridge-Knopoff model of earthquakes obeying the rate- and state-dependent friction law

Spatial Variability of the Directivity Pulse Periods Observed during an Earthquake

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