“…In most cases they are designed for one or two phases, and very rarely they support the four phases. This is especially true for natural hazards such as hurricanes (Caruson and MacManus, 2006;Chua, 2007;Chua et al, 2007;Gerber, 2007;Weeks, 2007), tsunamis (Scanlon et al, 2007;Tolentino, 2007) global warming (Anderson, 2003), pandemic flu (Fraser et al, 2004;Achampong, 2007), earthquakes (Jason et al, 2003) and volcanism (Wadge, 2003). Thus, while lots of single studies are available, the missing synthesis within a normative framework, inhibits evidence based management and benchmarking.…”