“…As the references mentioned above, a suitable application of the time-domain substructure identification method and computational efficiency should be developed, which is also the objectives of this study. There are also some modern computing methods that have been applied in classification, identification, and, especially, seismic vulnerability and fragility/damage assessment [28][29][30][31]. These series methods do not require the finite element model of structures and can be applied in areas with a high density of earthquakes while it works differently from damage detection by a structural health monitoring system, which can conduct comprehensive analysis with the damage detection results from measurement data and vulnerability analysis.…”