2013
DOI: 10.3375/043.033.0103
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Earthworm Invasions in Northern Hardwood Forests: a Rapid Assessment Method

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Cited by 24 publications
(15 citation statements)
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“…S1 and Table S3), neither of the latter surrogates for earthworm activity exhibited significant associations with plant species diversity. In contrast to richness of earthworm ecological groups, variation in earthworm density or biomass may not fully capture the progression of earthworm invasion impacts (Loss et al ., ) and, rather, may reflect changes in dominance of particular earthworm species, such as small‐bodied D. octaedra, large‐bodied L. terrestris (Hale et al ., ) or entire ecological groups (Hale et al ., ; Eisenhauer et al ., ; Holdsworth et al ., ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…S1 and Table S3), neither of the latter surrogates for earthworm activity exhibited significant associations with plant species diversity. In contrast to richness of earthworm ecological groups, variation in earthworm density or biomass may not fully capture the progression of earthworm invasion impacts (Loss et al ., ) and, rather, may reflect changes in dominance of particular earthworm species, such as small‐bodied D. octaedra, large‐bodied L. terrestris (Hale et al ., ) or entire ecological groups (Hale et al ., ; Eisenhauer et al ., ; Holdsworth et al ., ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Different assemblages of introduced earthworms have been strongly correlated with distinct stages of invasion (Hale et al ., ; Holdsworth et al ., ; Loss et al ., ). Recently invaded forests are usually dominated by epigeic earthworms, such as Dendrobaena octaedra , while forests with longer invasion histories also have endogeic and anecic species where environmental conditions, for example, soil pH, texture and moisture, permit their presence (Hale et al ., ; Frelich et al ., ; Holdsworth et al ., ; Loss et al ., ). The combined impact of multiple earthworm ecological groups on forest understories can be dramatic, as these earthworm assemblages can completely remove surface leaf litter, reduce organic matter in upper soil horizons (Hale et al ., ; Nuzzo et al ., ; Resner et al ., ), and cause significant declines in plant diversity (Hale et al ., ; Holdsworth et al ., ).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Lower availability of N and P, lower CEC, and loss of the moderating influence of the organic horizon on erosion and water balance in late‐stage Lumbricus terrestris invasions (Loss et al . ) resulted in deterioration of soil quality, with visible effects on forest productivity and plant communities, which are described in more detail below.…”
Section: Macrocascade Effects Of Earthworm Invasions Of Concern To Somentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Invasive earthworms, primarily the anecic Lumbricus terrestris , are also abundant in the oak forest: Following the 5‐stage earthworm invasion classification scheme of Loss et al. (), we rated the forest as level 3, which is characterized by a lack of sapric humus layer, presence of an A horizon just beneath the previous year's leaves, up to 50% coverage of the forest floor by earthworm casts, and the absence of fine roots in the litter layer.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…White-tailed deer are abundant at the station: A helicopter survey conducted in February 2016 by the Ramsey County Parks Department estimated a population density of 15 individuals per km 2 , which is greater than the carrying capacity estimated for the area, 8-10 individuals per km 2 , by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (M. Goodnature, personal communication). Invasive earthworms, primarily the anecic Lumbricus terrestris, are also abundant in the oak forest: Following the 5-stage earthworm invasion classification scheme of Loss et al (2013), we rated the forest as level 3, which is characterized by a lack of sapric humus layer, presence of an A horizon just beneath the previous year's leaves, up to 50% coverage of the forest floor by earthworm casts, and the absence of fine roots in the litter layer.…”
Section: Study Locationmentioning
confidence: 99%