Earthworms and in vitro physiologically-based extraction tests: complementary tools for a holistic approach towards understanding risk at arsenic-contaminated sites

Button, Mark; Watts, Michael J.; Cave, Mark; Harrington, Chris F.; Jenkin, Gawen R.T.

doi:10.1007/s10653-008-9208-3

Cited by 28 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The dissolution of the five earthworm tissues from each concentration including the control was done following the method of Button et al (2009) with some modification. The dissected pieces of the earthworms were added to 5 ml of concentrated nitric acid and kept for 15 min.…”

Section: Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (Icmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study on the effect of chemically synthesized magnetite nanoparticles on earthworm: Eudrilus eugeniae

et al. 2016

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Most look into the benefits of the nanoparticles, but keeping aside the benefits; this study focuses on the impacts of nanoparticles on living systems. Improper disposal of nanoparticles into the environment is a subject of pollution or nano-pollution which in turn affects the flora and fauna in the ecosystem, particularly soil ecosystem. Thus, this study was done to understand the impacts of chemically synthesized magnetite nanoparticles on earthworm-Eudrilus eugeniae, a soil-dependent organism which acquires food and nutrition from decaying matters. The chemically synthesized magnetite nanoparticles were characterized by UV-visible spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Earthworms were allowed to interact with different concentrations of synthesized nanoparticles and the effect of the nanoparticles was analysed by studying the phenotypic changes followed by histology and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry analyses.

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Section: Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (Icmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study on the effect of chemically synthesized magnetite nanoparticles on earthworm: Eudrilus eugeniae

et al. 2016

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“…However, there are many differences in digestion characteristics between the various in vitro methods that can lead to a wide range of bioaccessibility values (Oomen et al 2002;van de Wiele et al 2007). The BioAccessibility Research Group of Europe (BARGE) undertook an international collaborative initiative to develop an unified method (the Unified Barge Method, UBM) capable of providing reproducible, robust, and defensible bioaccessibility data (Cave et al 2006), to assess human health risk (Button et al 2009;Denys et al 2007Denys et al , 2009). The UBM test has been validated against an in vivo model (young swine) for Cd, Pb, and As.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Cd, Pb, Zn human bioaccessibility in smelter-contaminated agricultural topsoils (northern France)

Pelfrêne

Waterlot

Mazzuca

et al. 2010

Environ Geochem Health

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The extractability of Cd, Pb, and Zn was investigated in contaminated agricultural topsoils located in an area highly affected by the past atmospheric emissions of two smelters in northern France in order to assess their mobility and human bioaccessibility. The determination of Cd, Pb, and Zn bioaccessibility (Unified Barge Method, in vitro test) was made to evaluate the absolute trace element (TE) bioavailability. The results highlighted differences in bioaccessibility between Cd, Pb, and Zn (Cd > Pb > Zn). The mean values of the bioaccessible fractions of Cd, Pb, and Zn during the gastric phase were 82, 55, and 33%, respectively, of the pseudototal concentrations, whereas during the gastrointestinal phase, the bioaccessible fractions of metals decreased to 45, 20, and 10%, respectively. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that human bioaccessibility was affected by various physicochemical parameters (i.e., sand, carbonates, organic matter, assimilated P, free Al oxides, and pseudototal Fe contents). Sequential extractions were performed as an indication of the TE availability in these soils. Cadmium occurred in the more available fractions, Pb was mostly present as bound by oxides, and a significant contribution to the pseudototal Zn concentration was defined as the unavailable residual form related to the crystalline structures of minerals. The concepts of bioavailability and bioaccessibility are important for quantifying the risks associated with exposure to environmental pollutants and providing more realistic information for human health.

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“…samples, there is a generally positive linear relationship between total lead and bioaccessible lead, except in samples with very high total lead concentration, where the relationship appears to be less linear. The strong relationships which appear to exist between the total and bioaccessible concentrations is a result of the introduction of lead into soils and sediments during the processing of ores, the higher bioaccessibilities occurring because the element had a relatively short time to bind to soil and sediment phases (Button et al, 2009). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The approach of EPA (2008) involved combinations of sodium chloride, pepsin with hydrochloric acid and sodium bicarbonate, bile salts and pancreatin for the stomach and intestinal phases respectively. This two stage procedure earlier reported by Cave et al (2006) was adopted by Button et al (2009), while investigating the risk to humans at arsenic contaminated sites at a former mine at the Devon Great Consols, southwest England. However, the EPA (2008) in a subsequent study appeared to question the necessity of using the complex fluids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Bioaccessibility of Lead in Artisanal Mining Contaminated Soils and Sediments from the Anka Area, NW Nigeria

Waziri¹,

Andrews²

2013

ESR

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The gastric bioaccessibility of Pb was investigated in soils and sediments from five villages in the Anka area of north-western Nigeria which has been adversely affected by artisanal mining of gold from lead-rich ores. In vitro bioaccessibility experiments were used to determine the extractability of Pb in order to evaluate the human health risk, especially to children below the age of five. The concentration of Pb in the simulated gastric fluids ranges from ~ 198 to 41740 µg, with corresponding human bioaccessible fraction between ~ 29 and 100% (mean, ~ 60%). Chemical daily intake (CDI, µg/Kg/Day) values of between 111 and 41587 are generally very high compared to the tolerable daily intake (TDI) of ~ 3.6 µg Pb/Kg/Day. The high bioaccessibility is a result of high total concentration of Pb and the presence of highly soluble carbonate and oxide minerals in the ores. These results point to the very adverse health effects likely to result from incidental hand-to-mouth ingestion of soils by children in the affected villages. The results further show that the low pH of gastric juices enhances the extraction of Pb. Given the likelihood of sub-nutrition in the affected communities, characterized by skipping of meals, which can result in lowering of the pH over extended periods, the risk of Pb poisoning is further increased. This study was based on a hand-to-mouth ingestion scenario alone, but as other exposure routes, such as eating improperly washed vegetables and inhalation of dust are possible, the risk might even be higher. This, along with the fate of extracted Pb in the intestinal environment may need to be evaluated in order to fully quantify the bioavailability of Pb in the area.

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Earthworms and in vitro physiologically-based extraction tests: complementary tools for a holistic approach towards understanding risk at arsenic-contaminated sites

Cited by 28 publications

References 27 publications

A study on the effect of chemically synthesized magnetite nanoparticles on earthworm: Eudrilus eugeniae

A study on the effect of chemically synthesized magnetite nanoparticles on earthworm: Eudrilus eugeniae

Assessing Cd, Pb, Zn human bioaccessibility in smelter-contaminated agricultural topsoils (northern France)

In Vitro Bioaccessibility of Lead in Artisanal Mining Contaminated Soils and Sediments from the Anka Area, NW Nigeria

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