East Timor, Founding of

Gunn, Geoffrey C.

doi:10.4135/9781412952392.n86

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Since its publication, several scholars have presented evidence in support of the central hypotheses of the PM (Herman 1982, 1985, 1992; Parenti 1986; Herman and O’Sullivan 1989; Aronson 1990; Lee and Solomon 1990; Chomsky 1991; Winter 1992, 1998, 2002, 2007; Gunn 1994; McMurtry 1998; Hammond and Herman 2000; Herman and Chomsky 2002; Herring and Robinson 2003b; Boyd‐Barrett 2004; Babe 2005; Klaehn 2005; Winter and Klaehn 2005; Phillips 2007). Furthermore, although they did not utilize the PM, a number of other scholars in Britain and the United States concurred that the mass media tended to manufacture consent for elite preferences, both in terms of domestic and foreign policy issues (Miliband 1969; Domhoff 1979; Curtis 1984; Glasgow University Media 1985; Hallin 1986; Hollingsworth 1986; Bennett 1990; Entman 1991; Philo and McLaughlin 1993; Carruthers 1995; Zaller and Chui 1996; Lashmar and Oliver 1998; Mermin 1999; Greenslade 2003; Knightley 2003; Miller 2004; Altheide 2006; Andersen 2006).…”

Section: The Propaganda Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Herman–Chomsky Propaganda Model: A Critical Approach to Analysing Mass Media Behaviour

Mullen

Klaehn

2010

Sociology Compass

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The Propaganda Model (PM), developed by Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky and published in Manufacturing Consent in 1988, sought to explain the behaviour of the mass media in the United States. Analysing the function, operation and effects of the media are essential to any understanding of contemporary societies and the article begins by sketching out the contours of the liberalpluralist vs. critical-Marxist debate about the role of the media. The article then presents an overview of the PM, locates it within the field of media and communication studies, considers its reception, discusses a number of complementary methodological and theoretical approaches, and argues that the PM, more than 20 years after its formulation, continues to provide an invaluable tool for understanding the media within contemporary capitalist societies. IntroductionThe Propaganda Model (PM), which sought to explain the behaviour of the mass media in the United States, was developed by Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky in Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media, published in 1988. Firmly rooted in the critical-Marxist, more specifically the political economy, tradition of media and communication studies, the PM, or more specifically its reception within the field, is somewhat of a paradox. In terms of its application, mainly by those working within the aforementioned tradition, the PM is one of the most tested models within the social sciences. However, it has received very little attention within mainstream media and communication studies, sociology or the wider social sciences. This article introduces the liberal-pluralist vs. critical-Marxist debate about the role of the media in contemporary societies, presents an overview of the PM, locates it within the field of media and communication studies, and discusses its reception, discusses a number of complementary methodological and theoretical approaches and argues that the PM, more than 20 years after its formulation, continues to provide an invaluable tool for understanding the media within contemporary capitalist societies. Understanding society, politics and the mediaIf the job of sociologists is to understand and explain the development, stratification and functioning of societies, then attention must be paid to how members of those societies communicate. More specifically, given the long-standing hierarchical nature of societies, there is a need to analyse what, how and why the elites in societies communicate with the masses and what this means for the structures of power. In simplistic terms, there are two diametrically opposed perspectives on how power is distributed within contemporary, capitalist, liberal-democratic societies and what the role of the media, as an

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Section: The Propaganda Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Herman–Chomsky Propaganda Model: A Critical Approach to Analysing Mass Media Behaviour

Mullen

Klaehn

2010

Sociology Compass

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“…Prior to independence in 2002, East Timor experienced periods of Portuguese colonization (1701–1974) and Indonesian military occupation (1975–1999). Until the 1800s, the Portuguese attempted a system of indirect rule through indigenous authorities (Gunn 1999, 192), which involved engagement with favored Timorese allies and occasional punitive expeditions against rebellious enemies (Pelissier 1996). In the late 1800s, Portuguese economic policy shifted its focus from tax and trade to cash‐crop agriculture and an export‐oriented plantation sector.…”

Section: Chronic Possessory Conflict On the Coastal Plains Of Viqmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At this time, the Portuguese administration established a system of hamlet and village heads to ensure payment of a head tax and to organize labor for its agricultural development projects (Gunn 1999, 35–36) 7 . In areas of cleared land, these village government mechanisms began to overlay and at times replace customary systems of land allocation and authority.…”

Section: Chronic Possessory Conflict On the Coastal Plains Of Viqmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rules of Possession Revisited: Property and the Problem of Social Order

Fitzpatrick

Barnes

2014

Law soc. inq.

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This article explores two propositions in the literature on rules of possession. The first is that rules of first possession may form the basis for "spontaneous order." The article argues that this Hayekian proposition must take into account the relationship between property and authority, including the potential for social disorder when competition for possession combines with competition for public authority. The second is that simple rules of possession provide a baseline response to the problem of social order because of the information costs of property in a large audience context. The article argues that this proposition must take into account correlations between interpretive complexity in rules of possession and the reproduction of authority and social order in circumstances of threatened social disorder. The analysis highlights the significance of authority and enforcement for the design of rules of possession and their relationship with social order.

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“…45 While the majority of these strategies have been oriented towards commodity production, especially coffee and copra, timber plantations have also become a focus for investment. 45 While the majority of these strategies have been oriented towards commodity production, especially coffee and copra, timber plantations have also become a focus for investment.…”

Section: Industrial Plantation Forestrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The continuing threat of revolt and the 'theft' of revenue by adventurers and freebooters working the long unguarded coast severely constrained attempts to establish anything resembling a colonial economy and administration. 10 The great bounty that was sandalwood, however, was gradually depleted. F. J. Ormeling, referring to western Timor where the effects were similar, noted that 'the reserves were exploited as though inexhaustible.…”

Section: Portuguese Rule and Colonial Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Beginnings in East Timorese Forest Management

McWilliam¹

2003

J. Southeast Asian stud.

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Among the array of pressing development requirements facing East Timor is the need to create a new strategic national management approach for forest resources. This article explores the historical and environmental factors that have contributed to the contemporary pattern of forest lands and discusses policy options to support the development of a sustainable forestry future.East Timor's remarkable emergence as a new democratic nation-state following twenty-four years of military repression under Indonesian rule brings with it a whole new set of challenges for the small and impoverished island territory. Following twoand-a-half years of governance under the United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET) which mainly focused on emergency relief and reconstruction, attention is now turning to longer-term needs and priorities for sustained economic development. Among the array of pressing development requirements facing the fledgling nation is the need to create a new strategic national management approach for forest resources. Historically, forestry issues and forest policy in East Timor have tended to be accorded a low priority by successive governments seeking to generate development production and revenues. This is perhaps understandable given the comparatively modest contribution that the sector has made towards regional Gross Domestic Product. Official Indonesian government figures for 1990, for example, illustrate that within the agricultural farm sector, forestry production accounted for just under 1 per cent of GDP for the province of East Timor. 1 The figure is indicative of the limited extent of available commercial timber and non-timber forest products across the new nation.However, this rather narrowly defined economic measure of benefit arguably and significantly undervalues the importance of forestry and forested land in East Timor. With upwards of 80 per cent of the population heavily reliant on smallholder agriculture and the pursuit of semi-subsistence rainfed cropping regimes, land resourcesparticularly forested land -remain a key component of longer-term sustainability and prosperity. Hundreds of upland farming communities are deeply reliant on the forests and woodlands for their livelihood. Among other resources, forest land provides timber for building materials and firewood, as well as a whole range of non-timber forest 307 Andrew McWilliam is a Research Fellow in Anthropology at

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East Timor, Founding of

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

The Herman–Chomsky Propaganda Model: A Critical Approach to Analysing Mass Media Behaviour

The Herman–Chomsky Propaganda Model: A Critical Approach to Analysing Mass Media Behaviour

Rules of Possession Revisited: Property and the Problem of Social Order

New Beginnings in East Timorese Forest Management

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