Eastern Imaginings of the West in Hamlin Garland’s “Up the Coolly” and “God’s Ravens”

Hamlin Garland's Detour into Art Criticism: Forecasting the Triumph of Popular Culture over Populism at the End of the Frontier

“… This kind of contrast between a cultured Eastern perspective and a harsh Western (or rather “Middle Border”) reality is discussed by Pizer in his monograph on Garland, as well as by other scholars seeking to emphasize Garland's populist intentions, such as Bonney MacDonald () and Edward Watts (). …”