Easy and versatile coating approach for long-living white hybrid light-emitting diodes

Abstract

Herein, we provide a new easy-to-do protocol for preparing luminescent rubber-like materials based on a wide palette of compounds, such as small-molecules, quantum dots, polymers, and coordination complexes. The combination of this new protocol with that for preparing similar rubbers based on fluorescent proteins states the universal character of our approach. This is further assessed by using comprehensive spectroscopic and rheological investigations.Furthermore, the novel luminescent rubbers are applied as downconverting packing systems to develop white hybrid light-emitting diodes (WHLEDs), which are heralded as a solid alternative to achieve energy-saving, solid-state, and white-emitting sources in the coming future. As such, the current work also provides a clear prospect of this emerging lighting technology by means of a direct comparison among WHLEDs fabricated with all the above-mentioned down-converting systems. Here, the use of rubbers based on coordination complexes outperforms the others in terms of both luminous efficiency and colour quality with an unprecedented stability superior to 1000 h under continuous operation conditions. This represents an order of magnitude enhancement compared to the state-of-the-art WHLEDs, while keeping luminous efficiencies of around 100 lm W À1 .

When Fluorescent Proteins Meet White Light‐Emitting Diodes

“…Notably,the same authors have recently provided acomparison of the performance of HWLEDs coated with different commercial color down-converting materials-that is, laser dyes,carbon quantum dots,polymers,and coordination complexes-embedded into the same matrix and measured under the same conditions,t hat is,b lue-LED chip and ambient conditions (Figure 4). [103] Coatings with fluorescent proteins outperformed other emitters with the exception of Ir III complexes,w hich are not of interest for industrial purposes because of the price of Ir. [9] However,s olutions to overcome the stability of Bio-HWLEDs and the thermal management of the coatings upon excitation are highly desired to settle the prospects of this new field.…”

Wenn fluoreszierende Proteine und Weißlicht emittierende Dioden aufeinandertreffen

“…[103] Beschichtungen mit fluoreszierenden Proteinen erwiesen sich als leistungsstärker als andere Emitter,m it Ausnahme von Ir III -Komplexen, die jedoch aufgrund des Preises von Ir füri ndustrielle Anwendungen nicht von Interesse sind. [103] Beschichtungen mit fluoreszierenden Proteinen erwiesen sich als leistungsstärker als andere Emitter,m it Ausnahme von Ir III -Komplexen, die jedoch aufgrund des Preises von Ir füri ndustrielle Anwendungen nicht von Interesse sind.…”

“…Dieselben Autoren haben kürzlich die Leistung von HWLEDs verglichen, die mit verschiedenen kommerziellen Farbkonvertern beschichtet waren -L aserfarbstoffe,K ohlenstoff-Quantenpunkte,P olymere und Koordinationskomplexe -e ingebettet in dieselbe Matrix und unter denselben Bedingungen gemessen, also Blau-LED-Chip und Umgebungsbedingungen (Abbildung 4). [103] Beschichtungen mit fluoreszierenden Proteinen erwiesen sich als leistungsstärker als andere Emitter,m it Ausnahme von Ir III -Komplexen, die jedoch aufgrund des Preises von Ir füri ndustrielle Anwendungen nicht von Interesse sind. [9] Zurzeit wird nach Lçsungen gesucht, um das Stabilitätsproblem der Bio-HWLEDs und die Wärmeableitung der Beschichtungen bei der Anregung zu bewältigen.…”

Versatile Homoleptic Naphthyl‐Acetylide Heteronuclear [Pt2M4(CC‐Np)8] (M = Ag, Cu) Phosphors for Highly Efficient White and NIR Hybrid Light‐Emitting Diodes

“…Therefore, renewed interest has emerged in OPs, leading to hybrid LEDs (HLEDs) . This involves Cd‐based quantum dots (Cd‐QDs), ionic transition metal complexes, fluorescent proteins, organic small molecules, molecular organic frameworks (MOFs), and perovskites . In general, HLEDs have achieved efficiencies up to 130 lm W −1 and a high color quality with x / y International Commission on Illumination (CIE) color coordinates of 0.30‐3/0.30‐3, CRI above 90, and easy‐to‐modulate CCT from 2700 to 6500 K .…”

“…In general, HLEDs have achieved efficiencies up to 130 lm W −1 and a high color quality with x / y International Commission on Illumination (CIE) color coordinates of 0.30‐3/0.30‐3, CRI above 90, and easy‐to‐modulate CCT from 2700 to 6500 K . The main bottleneck is still the device stability with white HLEDs featuring lifetimes ranging from seconds to less than 200 h with handful exceptions that includes coordination complexes like iridium(III) complexes (1000 h) and hybrid luminescent silica nanoparticles (>2500 h), as well as small molecules like perilenedimide (700 h) . The scarceness of suitable low‐energy emitting OPs has its origin in i) the poor match between high‐energy excitation/absorption bands and efficient emission with a large Stoke shift, ii) the prominent increase of the phosphor‐matrix temperature under device operation, leading to efficient thermal‐assisted photoquenching and photobleaching under ambient conditions, and iii) the need of environmentally friendly and nontoxic compounds …”