Easy Preparation of Liposome@PDA Microspheres for Fast and Highly Efficient Removal of Methylene Blue from Water

Abstract

Mussel-inspired chemistry was usefully exploited here with the aim of developing a high-efficiency, environmentally friendly material for water remediation. A micro-structured material based on polydopamine (PDA) was obtained by using liposomes as templating agents and was used for the first time as an adsorbent material for the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solutions. Phospholipid liposomes were made by extrusion and coated with PDA by self-polymerization of dopamine under simple and mild conditions. The obtained Liposome@PDA microspheres were characterized by DLS and Zeta potential analysis, TEM microscopy, and FTIR spectroscopy. The effects of pH, temperature, MB concentration, amount of Liposome@PDA, and contact time on the adsorption process were investigated. Results showed that the highest adsorption capacity was obtained in weakly alkaline conditions (pH = 8.0) and that it could reach up to 395.4 mg g−1 at 298 K. In addition, adsorption kinetics showed that the adsorption behavior fits a pseudo-second-order kinetic model well. The equilibrium adsorption data, instead, were well described by Langmuir isotherm. Thermodynamic analysis demonstrated that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous (ΔG0 = −12.55 kJ mol−1, ΔH0 = 13.37 kJ mol−1) in the investigated experimental conditions. Finally, the applicability of Liposome@PDA microspheres to model wastewater and the excellent reusability after regeneration by removing MB were demonstrated.

Impact of polyethylene glycol and polydopamine coatings on the performance of camptothecin-loaded liposomes for localised treatment of colorectal cancer

“…56,57 PDA-coated liposomes were further obtained by coating naked liposomes with PDA through the in-situ polymerization of DA around the vesicles under near-neutral pH conditions (pH 7.4). The feasibility of this technique has been previously demonstrated by our team, 38 and it is clearly noticeable by a change in the visual appearance of the liposomal dispersion from translucid white to opaque brown at the end of the reaction (ESI, † Fig. S1).…”

“…CPT-loaded liposomes coated with PDA (CPT-L-PDA) were also prepared from non-coated CPT-L as previously described. 38 Polymer formation and deposition at the surface of liposomes was achieved by incubating DA (4 mg mL −1 ) with CPT-L (16 mg mL −1 ) for one hour at 35 °C in PBS (pH 7.4). Excess DA and CPT were removed by overnight dialysis (10 kDa MWCO) against PBS (pH 7.4).…”

“…[31][32][33][34][35][36] One particular polymer of interest to our team has been polydopamine (PDA), a bioinspired and biocompatible material, which can be easily obtained in situ via selfpolymerization of dopamine (DA) under weak-alkaline conditions. 37,38 Recent works suggest that PDA-based nanocarriers are safe for mucosal use and do not trigger immune response upon single administration. 39,40 Additionally, recent reports highlighted that PDA can also enhance the colloidal stability of coated nanosystems, 41,42 while potentially facilitating mucus penetration due to its zwitterionic behaviour that is able to decrease interactions with mucins.…”

Characterization of anti-proliferative and anti-oxidant effects of nano-sized vesicles from Brassica oleracea L. (Broccoli)

“…The TEM analysis was done by a method previously described with modification 50 . In brief, samples were prepared by dropping the BDV aqueous suspension (2 μL) on a 400-mesh amorphous carbon-coated Cu grid (Agar Scientific Ltd, Stansted, UK, Cat# S160-4) and letting the solvent evaporate.…”

A Weed-Derived Hierarchical Porous Carbon with a Large Specific Surface Area for Efficient Dye and Antibiotic Removal

“…During the processes of industrial production and human life, large volumes of wastewater containing threatening pollutants such as antibiotics and dyes have been produced. These pollutants should be removed from water to avoid a huge health hazard to human beings, animals, and plants [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. So far, various techniques and methods of wastewater treatment such as nanotechnology [ 4 ], biotechnology [ 5 ], molecularly imprinted technology [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ], fuel cell technology [ 10 ], advanced oxidation [ 11 ], ultrafiltration [ 12 ], and adsorption have been developed.…”