Easy Test for Visceral Leishmaniasis and Post-Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis

Saha, Samiran; Goswami, Rama Prosad; Pramanik, Netai; Guha, Subhasish Kamal; Saha, Bibhuti; Rahman, Mustafizur; Mallick, Sudeshna; Modak, Dolanchampa; Silva, Fernando O.; Mendonça, Ivete Lopes de; Costa, Dorcas Lamounier; Costa, Carlos Henrique Nery; Ali, Nahid

doi:10.3201/eid1707.100801

Cited by 22 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…[23][24][25] Thus, for successful control of VL from the Indian subcontinent, a simple, rapid, non-invasive, and accurate field diagnostic method is needed to improve diagnosis, especially in individuals with an increased risk of suffering complications after invasive procedures. 26,27 A few non-invasive sampling methods have been developed in VL diagnosis using human sputum, oral fluid, saliva, urine, and buccal swab samples with good sensitivity and specificity. [28][29][30][31] Advantages of the urine rK-39 ICT are that it is simple, rapid, non-invasive, and userfriendly, it has a reliable indicator, it is easy to collect, and it does not require equipment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of rK-39 Strip Test Using Urine for Diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis in an Endemic Region of India

Singh

Pandey

Das

et al. 2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. The definitive diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) requires invasive procedures for demonstration of parasites in tissue smear or culture. These procedures need expertise and laboratory supports and cannot be performed in the field. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the existing rK-39 immunochromatographic nitrocellulose strips test (ICT) with some modification in human urine for diagnosis of VL. The test was performed on both sera and urine samples on the same 786 subjects (365 confirmed VL and 421 control subjects). The sensitivity of the rK-39 ICT in serum was 100%, whereas the specificity was 93.8%, 100%, and 96.2% in healthy controls from endemic, non-endemic, and other infectious diseases, respectively. However, in urine samples, the test showed 96.1% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Considering sensitivity and feasibility of the test in the field, rK-39 ICT using urine samples can be an alternative to conventional invasive VL diagnosis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of rK-39 Strip Test Using Urine for Diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis in an Endemic Region of India

Singh

Pandey

Das

et al. 2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…In the present study, two purified leishmanial antigens, LAg and SLA, together with nine electroeluted proteins of LAg were evaluated for serodiagnosis of VL as well as to differentiate active VL from past infection. LAg has been earlier reported to demonstrate strong potential for the diagnosis of VL by detecting antigen-specific antibodies in serum and urine samples [10,24]. SLA has also been reported in vaccine-mediated protection in murine VL [22,25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recombinant leishmanial antigens such as rKLO8, rKE16 and rK28 are few of them [6,7,8,9]. We in our previous studies have reported the diagnostic value of antigens, LAg, through various immunological techniques like ELISA, immunoblot, and dipstick test [5,10,11].…”

Section: Development Of Rk39mentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the antigenicity and protective efficacy of Leishmania promastigote membrane antigens in search of potential diagnostic and vaccine candidates against visceral leishmaniasis

Ejazi

Ghosh

Bhattacharyya

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a parasitic disease causes serious medical consequences if treatment is delayed. Despite a decline in the number of VL cases in the Indian Subcontinent, the commencement of the disease in newer areas continues to be a major concern. Although serological diagnosis mainly by immunochromatographic tests has been found to be effective, test for cure in different phases of treatment is still desired. Even though a good prophylactic response has been obtained in murine models by a number of vaccine candidates, few have been proposed for human use. Methods: In this study, nine antigenic components (31, 34, 36, 45, 51, 63, 72, 91 and 97 kDa) of Leishmania promastigote membrane antigens, LAg, were electroeluted and evaluated through ELISA to diagnose and distinguish active VL from one month cured and six month past infection. Further, to investigate the immunogenicity of electroeluted proteins, human PBMCs of cured VL patients were stimulated with 31, 34, 51, 63, 72, and 91 kDa proteins. Results: We found that 34 and 51 kDa proteins show 100% sensitivity and specificity with healthy controls and other diseases. After six months post treatment, antibodies to 72 and 91 kDa antigens show a significant decline to almost normal levels. This suggests that 34 and 51 kDa are efficient in diagnosis whereas 72 and 91 kDa may be used to monitor treatment outcome. In another study, 51 and 63 kDa proteins demonstrated maximum ability for up-regulate IFN-g and IL-12 with minimum induction of IL-10 and TGF-β. The results indicating that 51 and 63 kDa proteins could be strong candidates for human immunization against VL. In contrast, 34 and 91 kDa demonstrated a reverse profile and may not be a good vaccine candidate. Conclusions: The preliminary data obtained in this study proposes the potential of some of the antigens in Leishmania diagnosis and for test of cure. Additionally, some antigens demonstrated good immunoprophylactic cytokine production through T cell mediated immune response suggesting future vaccine candidates for VL. However, further studies are necessary to explore these antigens in diagnosis and to access long-term immune response.

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“…Hence better patient management is required with wider cases distribution. In such situations, majority of research scientists are working on developing tools or biomarkers based on Leishmania protein antigens for diseases diagnosis, prognosis, or therapeutic applications where parasitic antigen preparations are involved and protein quantification is necessary [2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of Soluble or Insoluble Fractions ofLeishmaniaParasite Proteins in Microvolume Applications: A Simplification to Standard Lowry Assay

Deepachandi

Weerasinghe

Andrahennadi

et al. 2020

International Journal of Analytical Chemistry

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Protein quantification is often an essential step in any research field that involves proteins. Although the standard Lowry assay and its modifications are most abundantly used in protein quantification, the existing methods are rigid or often demonstrate nonlinearity between protein concentration and color intensity. A method for fast and accurate qualitative and/or quantitative determination of total soluble/insoluble proteins or micro-well plate immobilized proteins isolated from Leishmania parasites in microvolumes was described in the current study. Improvements in cost-effective techniques are necessary to increase the research outputs in resource-limited settings. This method is a modification to the established Lowry assay for protein quantification. Concentrations of unknown samples were calculated using a standard curve prepared using a standard series of bovine serum albumin (BSA). The optimized reagents were 2 N NaOH (sodium hydroxide), 2% Na2CO3 (sodium carbonate), 1% CuSO4 (copper sulfate), 2% KNaC4H4O6 (potassium sodium tartrate), and 2 N Folin and Ciocalteu’s phenol. This modified protein assay was sensitive for quantifying Leishmania proteins in a total crude extract or in a soluble fraction within the approximate range of 10–500 μg/ml (1–50 μg/assay) and showed a linearity between color intensity and concentration of the protein. This is an easier, fast, and accurate method for quantifying proteins with microvolumes in a cost-effective manner for routine use in research laboratories in resource-limited settings.

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Easy Test for Visceral Leishmaniasis and Post-Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis

Cited by 22 publications

References 7 publications

Evaluation of rK-39 Strip Test Using Urine for Diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis in an Endemic Region of India

Evaluation of rK-39 Strip Test Using Urine for Diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis in an Endemic Region of India

Investigation of the antigenicity and protective efficacy of Leishmania promastigote membrane antigens in search of potential diagnostic and vaccine candidates against visceral leishmaniasis

Quantification of Soluble or Insoluble Fractions ofLeishmaniaParasite Proteins in Microvolume Applications: A Simplification to Standard Lowry Assay

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