Eating Behaviors, Mental Health, and Food Intake Are Associated With Obesity in Older Congregate Meal Participants

Starr, Kathryn; Fischer, RD Joan G.; Johnson, Mary Ann

doi:10.1080/21551197.2014.965375

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…This result is somewhat surprising in light of previous findings that fruit consumption was negatively associated with obesity (e.g., Porter Starr et al, 2014 ) as well as with depression ( Liu et al, 2016 ). It is worth noting that it was difficult to find studies exploring the interaction of BMI and depression with regard to fruit consumption.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 82%

Psychosocial Functioning, BMI, and Nutritional Behaviors in Women at Cardiovascular Risk

et al. 2020

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Psychosocial factors such as depression, anxiety, and stress are associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Health behaviors may play a role in this relationship, as individuals experiencing elevated levels of anxiety, stress, and/or depression may be less likely to engage in risk-reducing behaviors such as diet and exercise. Some evidence suggests that this relationship is particularly relevant for women. This study explored the relationship between levels of anxiety, depression, stress, and specific nutritional behaviors in a sample of 187 women at cardiovascular risk. BMI was explored as a possible moderator of these relationships. Higher levels of depression in patients with high BMI was associated with increased fruit consumption, whereas this was not seen in highly depressed patients with normal BMI. The reverse pattern was seen for consumption of sweet drinks. Anxiety was found to have a complex relationship with consumption of sweetened drinks and white bread, with higher consumption at moderately elevated levels of anxiety and reduced consumption at the highest levels. Possible interpretations of these findings, as well as their implications for lifestyle interventions with this population are discussed. These findings suggest a number of questions for further research.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 82%

Psychosocial Functioning, BMI, and Nutritional Behaviors in Women at Cardiovascular Risk

et al. 2020

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“…We additionally see a significant association between negative emotions and higher BMI in the cross‐sectional study conducted by Porter Starr et al Among older adults (74% women and 45% non‐Hispanic Black), the authors evaluated the relationship of depression, anxiety, and stress to three eating behaviours (cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating, and emotional eating), BMI, and waist circumference . In the final model, after controlling for all confounding variables, participants reporting cognitive restraint or emotional eating had at least a three‐fold increased risk of having obesity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…This systematic review examined current literature on the negative emotions of perceived stress, depression, anxiety, and discrimination and their impact on emotional eating behaviours and weight status among women, with a particular focus on non‐Hispanic Black women. Key findings include a qualitative theme that negative emotions influence overeating among women with overweight and obesity . Five of the 11 cross‐sectional studies showed a significant relationship between depression and emotional eating, and seven showed a significant relationship between stress and emotional eating .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…However, in this review, we assessed each study on its own, based on the details that were reported. With this factored in, nine studies received quality ratings of good, five received ratings of fair, and one received a rating of poor . Studies overall performed well on the following criteria: (a) clearly stating the study objective; (b) defining the study population and participation rate; (c) delineating the inclusion and exclusion criteria while uniformly applying them to all participants; (d) clearly defining the exposure variable and outcome variables, which were often measured by valid and reliable scales; and (e) describing the statistical analysis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding and effectively addressing disparities in obesity: A systematic review of the psychological determinants of emotional eating behaviours among Black women

et al. 2020

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Emotional eating may be a particularly important contributor to differences in body weight and weight loss response to behavioural interventions among non-Hispanic Black women. We performed a systematic review on the impact of psychological factors (stress, anxiety, depression, and discrimination) upon emotional eating and weight among non-Hispanic Black women, applying the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis for relevant studies. The initial search yielded 4593 articles with 15 accepted for review. Based on this review, there is a suggestion that negative emotions, in particular, perceived stress, may be predictive of emotional eating among non-Hispanic Black women. Results from the only two longitudinal studies identified by the review indicate that stress influences emotional eating, and emotional eating predicts weight gain over time. Findings from this review highlight the need for more studies that examine various negative emotions that may lead to emotional eating and weight gain among non-Hispanic Black women. Findings from this review also highlight the need for more rigorous studies to differentiate the effects of emotional eating from that of the physiologic (ie, activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis) responses to stress and its impact on highrisk groups. K E Y W O R D S emotional eating behaviours, depression, stress 1 | INTRODUCTION More than 80% of non-Hispanic Black women are overweight (body mass index [BMI] of >25-29 kg/m 2 ) and/or obese (BMI of >30 kg/m 2 ) compared with 61% of White women. 1 Excess weight is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), dyslipidemia, type II diabetes, sleep apnoea, osteoarthritis, and multiple cancers (ie, endometrial, breast, colon, kidney, gallbladder, and liver). 1-3 Adults with obesity have a 20% or higher risk of dying of all-cause mortality or CVD compared with adults of normal weight. 4 These health consequences are disproportionately linked to disparities in obesity prevalence among non-Hispanic Black women. 1,5 Causes of overweight and obesity among non-Hispanic Black women are multifactorial. Empirical evidence indicates that non-Hispanic Black women experience high levels of socioeconomic deprivation in childhood, obesogenic built environments, 6perceived racial discrimination, 7,8 and chronic psychosocial stress, [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] which are all associated with weight gain and obesity.Weight loss response to behavioural treatment among non-Hispanic Black women significantly differs from that of other groups.Results from the Diabetes Prevention Study at 12 months demonstrated similar weight loss results of 7.1% to 8.4% among White and Hispanic men and women and non-Hispanic Black men but

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“…Eating behaviors and FI were self-reported; however, previous studies have shown that these self-reports provide useful information in the target population about FI (2, 26) and eating behaviors (27). The eating behavior questionnaire was a short form with only 18 questions, so some dimensions that may be relevant to FI could not be explored (e.g., flexible and rigid restraint in CR; habitual, emotional and situational in UE), which might be important to assess in future studies that examine relationships between FI and CR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food Insecurity and Eating Behavior Relationships Among Congregate Meal Participants in Georgia

Myles

Starr

Johnson

et al. 2016

Journal of Nutrition in Gerontology and Geriatrics

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This study explored relationships of food insecurity with cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating, and emotional eating behaviors among congregate meal participants in northeast Georgia [n = 118, age 60 and older, mean (SD) age = 75 (8) years, 75% female, 43% Black, 53% obese (BMI ≥ 30)]. Food insecurity was assessed with a 6-item questionnaire scores ranged from 0 to 6 and were defined as high or marginal food security, FS, 0–1 (70%); low food security, LFS, 2–4 (20%); very low food security, VLFS, 5–6 (10%); and low and very low food security, LVLFS, 2–6 (30%). Eating behavior was assessed with an 18-item Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire R-18. In bivariate analyses food insecurity was consistently associated with cognitive restraint scores above the median split and to a lesser extent with uncontrolled eating scores (p ≤ 0.05). No association was found between emotional eating and food insecurity. In multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses, food insecurity was consistently associated with cognitive restraint (p ≤ .05) even when controlled for potential confounders (demographics, BMI and chronic diseases). Food insecurity was also associated with uncontrolled eating (p ≤ .05), but the relationship was attenuated when controlled for potential confounding variables. Although cognitive restraint is defined as the conscious restriction of food intake to control body weight or promote weight loss, these findings suggest there may be other dimensions of cognitive restraint to consider in nutritional assessment and interventions among food insecure older adults.

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Eating Behaviors, Mental Health, and Food Intake Are Associated With Obesity in Older Congregate Meal Participants

Cited by 25 publications

References 48 publications

Psychosocial Functioning, BMI, and Nutritional Behaviors in Women at Cardiovascular Risk

Psychosocial Functioning, BMI, and Nutritional Behaviors in Women at Cardiovascular Risk

Understanding and effectively addressing disparities in obesity: A systematic review of the psychological determinants of emotional eating behaviours among Black women

Food Insecurity and Eating Behavior Relationships Among Congregate Meal Participants in Georgia

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