Eating Disorder Risk and the Role of Clothing in Collegiate Cheerleaders' Body Images

Torres-McGehee, Toni M.; Monsma, Eva V.; Dompier, Thomas P.; Washburn, Stefanie

doi:10.4085/1062-6050-47.5.03

Cited by 39 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The major finding was that both wearing revealing clothes and wearing tight-fitting clothes were contextual cues that could result in increased state self-objectification, and wearing tight-fitting revealing clothes could occasionally trigger greater state self-objectification than wearing revealing loose clothes and full tight-fitting clothes. Besides, our results-that wearing revealing clothes led to significantly greater state self-objectification than wearing full clothes-corroborates the argument about the role of wearing revealing clothes on self-objectification [4] [9]. The phenomenon that both wearing tight-fitting clothes and revealing clothes can trigger and increase self-objectification and body surveillance may rely on two pathways.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

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What Can Trigger Chinese Female Self-Objectification: Revealing Clothes, Tight-Fitting Clothes, or Both?

Jiang¹

2018

JSS

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We aimed to assess if type of clothing caused self-objectification. This study was based on the framework of Objectification Theory. 120 Chinese female undergraduates aged 17-25 years were divided into 4 groups: revealing tight-fitting clothes, revealing loose clothes, full tight-fitting clothes, and full loose clothes. They were asked to wear clothes of the most suitable size in two settings, a private setting and a public setting. In both settings, we measured state self-objectification before the participants changed into their original clothes. It was indicated that wearing both revealing and tight-fitting clothes could produce female state self-objectification in the Chinese sociocultural environment. In addition, the public setting led to greater state self-objectification than the private setting. We demonstrate that clothing type is an important contributor to self-objectification of contemporary young women and extend the scope and application of Objectification Theory.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…American female collegiate cheerleaders reported that they experienced most body dissatisfaction when wearing most revealing uniforms compared to wearing daily clothing and full uniforms[9]. Similarly, in an American female collegiate dancers' sample and an American female collegiate equestrian athletes'…”

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confidence: 90%

What Can Trigger Chinese Female Self-Objectification: Revealing Clothes, Tight-Fitting Clothes, or Both?

Jiang¹

2018

JSS

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“…First, misconceptions of body size and weight might be differential and reporting bias, for example by sex, education and overweight (27) or due to psychiatric disorders (28) , cannot be totally excluded. Therefore, at the individual level, there is a risk of misclassification when using figural scales.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of self-reported figural drawing scales against anthropometric measurements in adults

Dratva

Bertelsen

Janson

et al. 2016

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: The aim of the present study was to validate figural drawing scales depicting extremely lean to extremely obese subjects to obtain proxies for BMI and waist circumference in postal surveys. Design: Reported figural scales and anthropometric data from a large populationbased postal survey were validated with measured anthropometric data from the same individuals by means of receiver-operating characteristic curves and a BMI prediction model. Setting: Adult participants in a Scandinavian cohort study first recruited in 1990 and followed up twice since. Subjects: Individuals aged 38-66 years with complete data for BMI (n 1580) and waist circumference (n 1017). Results: Median BMI and waist circumference increased exponentially with increasing figural scales. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analyses showed a high predictive ability to identify individuals with BMI > 25·0 kg/m 2 in both sexes. The optimal figural scales for identifying overweight or obese individuals with a correct detection rate were 4 and 5 in women, and 5 and 6 in men, respectively. The prediction model explained 74 % of the variance among women and 62 % among men. Predicted BMI differed only marginally from objectively measured BMI. Conclusions: Figural drawing scales explained a large part of the anthropometric variance in this population and showed a high predictive ability for identifying overweight/obese subjects. These figural scales can be used with confidence as proxies of BMI and waist circumference in settings where objective measures are not feasible. The obesity epidemic has drawn attention to the role of metabolic factors in the aetiology of non-communicable diseases. Considerable evidence points to the adverse impact of obesity on cardiometabolic and respiratory diseases (1,2) . Obesity's adverse effect may be related to metabolic and inflammatory pathways (3,4) and/or actual weight of body fat (5,6) . In clinical and epidemiological studies, BMI or waist-to-hip ratio is most commonly used to define anthropometric status. These proxies of body fat are related to clinical health † C Svanes and FG Real share last authorship.

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“…Cheerleaders perform high-impact gymnastics based movements, while pep dancers perform routines based on low-impact hip hop and ballet dance movements. Although the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) does not recognize dancing and cheerleading as sports [14], research has shown that both activities require similar physical demands as other collegiate sports based on the results of various fitness tests [15,16]. Participants in both cheer and dance have also shown a high prevalence of disordered eating and pressure to be thin when compared with other sports [17], as well as high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency [18][19][20], which could potentially have detrimental effects on their bone health.…”

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confidence: 99%

Vitamin D Status and Bone Mineral Density in Female Collegiate Dancers and Cheerleaders

Kenny¹,

McCune²,

Kruskall³

et al. 2017

JSS

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Bone mineral density reflects an athlete's cumulative history of energy availability, physical activity, and menstrual status, as well as nutritional and environmental factors. Although sports with high-impact loading are associated with higher bone mineral density than low-impact or non-impact sports, confounding variables are differences in the athletes' body size and sport-specific training. The purpose of this study was to determine if bone mineral density (BMD) and vitamin D status are different between two groups of female collegiate athletes who have comparable body size/weight requirements, but who engage in qualitatively different training regimens. Full body, spine and dual femur BMD was assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in members of a university pep-dance team (n = 10) or cheer team (n = 9), ages 18-22. Plasma vitamin D status was assessed by ELIZA. There was no significant difference between the groups for total body BMD (1.23 g/cm 2 dance vs 1.22 g/cm 2 cheer, P = 0.70), spine BMD (1.39 g/cm 2 dance vs 1.36 g/cm 2 cheer, P = 0.72) or dual femur BMD (1.20 g/cm 2 dance vs 1.11 g/cm 2 , P = 0.23). Insufficient serum vitamin D status (20-32 ng/mL) was found in 74% of the athletes (27 ± 4 ng/mL, dance and 25 ± 8 ng/mL, cheer). In addition, estimated daily vitamin D and calcium intakes were less than the RDA for both dancers and cheerleaders. Despite nutritional insufficiencies, BMD was not significantly different between the low-impact activity pep dance team and high-impact activity cheer team, suggesting that the type of physical activity was not as important for BMD in these athletes as participating in 20+ hours a week of physical activity, which could have counteracted the negative effects of the nutrient insufficiencies on their bone health.

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Eating Disorder Risk and the Role of Clothing in Collegiate Cheerleaders' Body Images

Cited by 39 publications

References 25 publications

What Can Trigger Chinese Female Self-Objectification: Revealing Clothes, Tight-Fitting Clothes, or Both?

What Can Trigger Chinese Female Self-Objectification: Revealing Clothes, Tight-Fitting Clothes, or Both?

Validation of self-reported figural drawing scales against anthropometric measurements in adults

Vitamin D Status and Bone Mineral Density in Female Collegiate Dancers and Cheerleaders

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