Eating Frequency and Colon Cancer Risk

Wei, Jiann-Wu; Connelly, Alexandra E.; Satia, Jessie A.; Martin, Christopher F.; Sandler, Robert S.

doi:10.1207/s15327914nc5001_3

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…These compounds, especially β-carotenes, are capable of binding and eliminating free radicals, and repairing DNA damage, inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, and suppressing angiogenesis [ 89 ]. Flavonoids have been acknowledged to have a role in protecting against and preventing non-communicable diseases [ 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 ], and neoplasms in particular, due to their potent antioxidant and DNA repairing activity. In this review, the dietary impact of various subclasses of flavonoids was analyzed, and it proved significant for flavonols, flavones, and flavan-3-ol swell classes, particularly after menopause.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast Cancer Primary Prevention and Diet: An Umbrella Review

Buja

Pierbon

Lago

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Introduction: Many studies have been published, but none have pooled the useful evidence available in the literature to produce guidelines and health policies promoting healthy eating styles to prevent breast cancer (BC). The present study aimed to summarize the evidence produced to date, taking a judicious, critical approach to the quality of the studies analyzed. Methods: An umbrella review method was adopted, which is a systematic review of second-level studies, meta-analyses and literature reviews. Results: In all, 48 studies were considered: 32 meta-analyses, 4 pooled analyses, 5 systematic reviews, and 7 qualitative reviews. A higher intake of total meat, or red or processed meats, or foods with a high glycemic index, or eggs would seem to be associated with a higher risk of BC. Some foods, such as vegetables, would seem instead to have an inverse association with BC risk. One meta-analysis revealed an inverse association between citrus fruit and mushroom consumption and BC. Some nutrients, such as calcium, folate, vitamin D, lignans and carotenoids, also seem to be inversely associated with BC risk. The evidence is still conflicting as concerns exposure to other dietary elements (e.g., polyunsaturated fatty acids, dairy foods). Conclusion: Nutrition is one of the most modifiable aspects of people’s lifestyles and dietary choices can affect health and the risk of cancer. Overall, adhering to a healthy eating style may be associated with a significant reduction in the risk of BC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast Cancer Primary Prevention and Diet: An Umbrella Review

Buja

Pierbon

Lago

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…In support of this idea, hyperinsulinemia is associated with increased cardiovascular, coronary, and all-cause mortality, independent of other risk factors [61]. Interestingly, “snacking” has also been linked to increased risk of type 2 diabetes [62] and cancer [63]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is insulin the new intermittent hypoxia?

et al. 2014

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The sympathoexcitatory effects of insulin are well-established, although the exact mechanisms by which insulin stimulates the sympathetic nervous system are not completely understood. The majority of research supports a primary role for the central nervous system in the gradual and sustained rise in muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) in response to hyperinsulinemia; in addition, recent studies in animals suggests carotid body chemoreceptors respond to increases in systemic insulin levels. Intermittent activation of the carotid chemoreceptors, similar to that seen in patients with sleep apnea, can result in sensory long term facilitation and may contribute to the observed rise in baseline MSNA in this population. Consistent with this idea, insulin exposure results in sustained increases in MSNA that persist even when plasma insulin levels return to baseline. We propose the carotid chemoreceptors contribute to insulin-mediated sympathoexcitation and the persistent rise in MSNA in patients with sustained hyperinsulinemia. If the carotid chemoreceptors sense and respond to changes in systemic insulin levels, these organs may provide a viable target for the treatment of disorders known to exhibit sustained hyperinsulinemia and sympathoexcitation including, but not limited to, obesity, hypertension, sleep apnea, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes.

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“…The majority of previous case-control studies have observed a positive relationship between eating frequency and CRC (3, 4, 16–20, 22, 23). However, the case-control design is subject to recall bias, and it is possible that diagnosis or symptoms influenced actual eating behavior or recall of eating frequency in cases in these studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the overall glycemic effect and quantity of carbohydrates consumed, as reflected by the dietary glycemic load (GL) is positively associated with risk for CRC (13), and dietary GL may modify the association between eating frequency and CRC via its influence on concentrations of blood glucose and insulin (14, 15). Although the majority of case-control studies have suggested a positive relationship between eating frequency and risk for CRC (3, 4, 16–23), only a few prospective cohort studies have been published. Tseng et al examined data from NHANES and reported a borderline-significant inverse association between eating frequency with colorectal cancer risk (24).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eating frequency and risk of colorectal cancer

Perrigue

Kantor

Hastert

et al. 2013

Cancer Causes Control

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Purpose Eating frequency is a modifiable aspect of dietary behavior that may affect risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Although most previous case-control studies indicate a positive association, two prospective studies suggest an inverse association between eating frequency and CRC risk, with evidence of effect modification by diet composition. We examined the association between eating frequency and CRC in a large, prospective cohort study, and explored whether this relationship was modified by sex, coffee consumption or dietary glycemic load. Methods Between 2000 and 2002, 67,912 western Washington residents aged 50–76 reported average daily meal and snack frequency using a mailed questionnaire as part of the VITamins And Lifestyle (VITAL) study. Participants were followed for CRC through linkage with SEER through 2008, over which time 409 CRC cases developed. Hazard Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals were obtained using Cox regression. Results In age and sex adjusted models higher (5+ times/d) vs lower (1–2 times/d) eating frequency was associated with a HR of 0.62 (95% CI 0.43–0.88, P trend =0.001). However, following further adjustment for BMI, race/ethnicity, alcohol and other known CRC risk factors the relationship was no longer statistically significant (HR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.51, 1.14). No effect modification was observed by sex (Pinteraction=0.45), coffee consumption (Pinteraction=0.44) or dietary glycemic load (Pinteraction=0.90). In subgroup analyses by tumor site, higher vs. lower eating frequency was associated with lower risk for colon (HR 0.65 95% CI 0.39–1.07, Ptrend=0.04), but not rectal cancers (HR = 1.08 95% CI 0.54–2.18, Ptrend=0.94). Conclusion The weak inverse association observed between eating frequency and CRC is consistent with findings from other prospective studies. Modification of this relationship by diet quality and participant characteristics should be considered in future studies.

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Eating Frequency and Colon Cancer Risk

Cited by 10 publications

References 19 publications

Breast Cancer Primary Prevention and Diet: An Umbrella Review

Breast Cancer Primary Prevention and Diet: An Umbrella Review

Is insulin the new intermittent hypoxia?

Eating frequency and risk of colorectal cancer

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