Eating in the absence of hunger: Stability over time and associations with eating behaviours and body composition in children

Fogel, Anna; McCrickerd, Keri; Fries, Lisa R.; Goh, Ai Ting; Quah, Phaik Ling; Chan, Mei Jun; Toh, Jia Ying; Chong, Yap Seng; Tan, Kok Hian; Yap, Fabian; Shek, Lynette Pei‐Chi; Meaney, Michael J.; Broekman, Birit F.P.; Lee, Yung Seng; Godfrey, Keith M.; Chong, Mary Foong Fong; Forde, Ciarán G.

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.03.033

Cited by 39 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Due to possible variation between mothers and perhaps clarity of child satiety cues, this procedure may also have introduced variability. However, a recent study showed that the amount consumed during the EAH task was not associated with how much children ate during lunch, suggesting that EAH intake in our study also may not be simply a compensatory mechanism among children who consumed less at lunch (Fogel et al, 2018). Nonetheless, future research may consider assessing EAH on multiple days to obtain more stable estimates.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

“…This is consistent with prior studies (Garcia et al, 2016; Mallan et al, 2014), in which maternal reports of child FR or SR were not associated with EAH. Our findings further illustrated that mother-reports at 27 months did not relate to EAH across time, suggesting that although FR has been identified as a type of food approach behavior that may confer obesity risk (Fogel et al, 2018; Lansigan et al, 2015), EAH may not be the process that explains the link between maternal report of child FR or SR and obesity. Even though our finding of no association between mother-reported child eating and EAH was consistent with prior work, more research is needed to unpack these processes during the toddler age period.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

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Longitudinal associations between eating and drinking engagement during mealtime and eating in the absence of hunger in low income toddlers

et al. 2018

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To develop effective obesity-related interventions during early life, it is important to identify predictors of eating in the absence of hunger during toddlerhood. Hence, this study examined longitudinal associations between child eating and drinking engagement at 27 months of age and child eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) at 33 months of age (N = 91 children; 57.1% boys). At 27 months of age, we coded child eating and drinking engagement during a videotaped naturalistic lunch meal at home. We also obtained mothers' reports of their child's food responsiveness (FR), satiety responsiveness (SR), and desire to drink (DD) using the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ). Children participated in a standard EAH protocol at 27 and 33 months of age where they were presented with palatable foods and the amount of food eaten was assessed (calculated as total kilocalories consumed). Correlational analyses showed that EAH at 27 months of age was positively related to EAH at 33 months of age and that neither mother-reported child FR or SR were associated with child eating engagement. Mother-reported child DD was associated with child drinking engagement. To predict EAH at 33 months, a regression analysis was conducted in which EAH at 27 months, mother-reported and observed child eating and drinking engagement at 27 months were entered as predictors, controlling for child demographics (i.e., age, sex, race/ethnicity and weight-for-length z-score (WLZ). Findings were that children who were observed to engage in more drinking at 27 months of age consumed more energy (measured as kcal) in the EAH at 33 months of age. Implications for understanding eating, and drinking, behaviors in toddlerhood are discussed.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Longitudinal associations between eating and drinking engagement during mealtime and eating in the absence of hunger in low income toddlers

et al. 2018

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“…[41][42][43][44] This study also provides new evidence of neuronal correlates of disinhibited eating behaviours in this young age group, indicating that alterations in executive control, salience, reward, and default network functional circuitry begin early in the life course and may underlie the risk for later life obesity via overeating. The results of the current study confirm observations made by prior studies in which hedonically motivated disinhibited eating behaviours were documented in young children, 3 to 6 years old.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…The results of the current study confirm observations made by prior studies in which hedonically motivated disinhibited eating behaviours were documented in young children, 3 to 6 years old. [41][42][43][44] This study also provides new evidence of neuronal correlates of disinhibited eating behaviours in this young age group, indicating that alterations in executive control, salience, reward, and default network functional circuitry begin early in the life course and may underlie the risk for later life obesity via overeating. Furthermore, some evidence suggests that EAH, as a specific disinhibited eating behaviour, is stable over time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

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Eating in the absence of hunger in young children is related to brain reward network hyperactivity and reduced functional connectivity in executive control networks

et al. 2019

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Summary Background Recent work has implicated disinhibited eating behaviours (DEB) as a potential pathway toward obesity development in children. However, the underlying neurobiology of disinhibited eating behaviours in young, healthy weight children, prior to obesity development, remains unknown. Objectives This study tested the relationship between DEB and intrinsic neuronal activity and connectivity in young children without obesity. Methods Brain networks implicated in overeating including reward, salience and executive control networks, and the default mode network were investigated. DEB was measured by the eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) paradigm with postlunch kilocalories consumed from highly palatable foods (EAH kcal) used as the predictor. Intrinsic neuronal activity within and connectivity between specified networks were measured via resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Eighteen typically developing children (mean age = 5.8 years) were included. Results EAH kcal was positively associated with activity of the nucleus accumbens, a major reward network hub (P < 0.05, corrected). EAH kcal was negatively associated with intrinsic prefrontal cortex connectivity to the striatum (P < 0.01, corrected). Conclusions These results suggest that neural aspects of DEB are detectable in young children without obesity, providing a potential tool to better understand the development of obesity in this population.

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Food intake and eating behaviour during a real‐life Snack Scenario in childhood obesity—An experiment using a hidden camera

Mack,

Godwin,

Klos

et al. 2024

Euro Eating Disorders Rev

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ObjectiveTo compare food intake and eating behaviour in children and adolescents with obesity (OBE) undergoing weight loss intervention and normal weight (NW) in a real‐life Snack Scenario.MethodsSixty OBE were examined before (T0) and after weight loss (T1) and compared to a single measurement comparison group of 27 NW. Participants watched a 20‐min film and were encouraged to snack from a variety of foods ad libitum. Food intake was measured and eating behaviour assessed via a hidden camera and a validated questionnaire.ResultsThe food and energy intake did not differ between NW (155 ± 83 g, 1067 ± 732 kJ) and OBE at T0 (144 ± 106 g, 1088 ± 883 kJ) but increased in OBE at T1 (187 ± 91 g, 1544 ± 845 kJ). Latency of food intake was significantly shorter in NW (0 m:07 s ± 0 m:08 s) compared to OBE (T0: 1 m:11 s ± 2 m:57 s). After weight loss, latency decreased in OBE (0 m:26 s ± 1 m:00 s). NW touched food more often (49 ± 24) than OBE (T0: 29 ± 23), but takes from plate were similar. The questionnaire revealed differences between OBE and NW, not correlating with Snack Scenario observations.ConclusionEating behaviours differed in NW versus OBE at T0 but food intake was similar. Therefore, behaviour while eating may be an underestimated factor in the considerations for childhood obesity.Clinical Trial RegistrationGerman Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) with the trial number DRKS00005122.

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Eating in the absence of hunger: Stability over time and associations with eating behaviours and body composition in children

Cited by 39 publications

References 49 publications

Longitudinal associations between eating and drinking engagement during mealtime and eating in the absence of hunger in low income toddlers

Longitudinal associations between eating and drinking engagement during mealtime and eating in the absence of hunger in low income toddlers

Eating in the absence of hunger in young children is related to brain reward network hyperactivity and reduced functional connectivity in executive control networks

Food intake and eating behaviour during a real‐life Snack Scenario in childhood obesity—An experiment using a hidden camera

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