EAU-EANM-ESTRO-ESUR-SIOG Guidelines on Prostate Cancer. Part II—2020 Update: Treatment of Relapsing and Metastatic Prostate Cancer

Cornford, Philip; Bergh, Roderick C.N. van den; Briers, Erik; Broeck, Thomas Van den; Cumberbatch, Marcus; Santis, Maria De; Fanti, Stefano; Fossati, Nicola; Gandaglia, Giorgio; Gillessen, Silke; Grivas, Nikolaos; Grummet, Jeremy; Henry, Ann; Kwast, Theodorus H. van der; Lam, Thomas; Lardas, Michael; Liew, Matthew; Mason, Malcolm David; Moris, Lisa; Oprea-Lager, Daniela E.; Poel, Henk G. van der; Rouvière, Olivier; Schoots, Ivo G.; Tilki, Derya; Wiegel, Thomas; Willemse, Peter‐Paul M.; Mottet, Nicolas

doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2020.09.046

Cited by 798 publications

(787 citation statements)

References 178 publications

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“…Localized therapy includes surgery, radiation therapy and focal therapy while systemic therapy includes hormonal therapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy. 3 , 4 Generally, treatment options depend partly on whether PCa is localized, high-risk, advanced or recurrent. Due to the limited efficacy and side effects of monotherapy, effective combination therapies or novel treatment regimens still need to be developed to obtain better efficacy outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual-Functional PLGA Nanoparticles Co-Loaded with Indocyanine Green and Resiquimod for Prostate Cancer Treatment

Lin¹,

Li²,

Xu³

et al. 2021

IJN

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Purpose With the advance of screening techniques, there is a growing number of low-risk or intermediate-risk prostate cancer (PCa) cases, remaining a serious threat to men’s health. To obtain better efficacy, a growing interest has been attracted to develop such emerging treatments as immunotherapy and focal therapy. However, few studies offer guidance on whether and how to combine these modalities against PCa. This study was designed to develop dual-functional nanoparticles (NPs) which combined photothermal therapy (PTT) with immunotherapy and determine the anti-tumor efficacy for PCa treatment. Methods By a double emulsion technique, the drug nanocarrier, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) or PLGA, was applied for co-loading of a fluorescent dye, indocyanine green (ICG) and a toll-like receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) agonist resiquimod (R848) to synthesize PLGA-ICG-R848 NPs. Next, we determined their characteristic features and evaluated whether they inhibited the cell viability in multiple PCa cell lines. After treatment with PLGA-ICG-R848, the maturation markers of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) were detected by flow cytometry. By establishing a subcutaneous xenograft model of mouse PCa, we explored both the anti-tumor effect and immune response following the NPs-based laser ablation. Results With a mean diameter of 157.7 nm, PLGA-ICG-R848 exhibited no cytotoxic effect in PCa cells, but they significantly decreased RM9 cell viability to (3.9±1.0)% after laser irradiation. Moreover, PLGA-ICG-R848 promoted BMDCs maturation with the significantly elevated proportions of CD11c+CD86+ and CD11c+CD80+ cells. Following PLGA-ICG-R848-based laser ablation in vivo, the decreased bioluminescent signals indicated a significant inhibition of PCa growth, while the ratio of splenic natural killer (NK) cells in PLGA-ICG-R848 was (3.96±1.88)% compared with (0.99±0.10)% in PBS group, revealing the enhanced immune response against PCa. Conclusion The dual-functional PLGA-ICG-R848 NPs under laser irradiation exhibit the anti-tumor efficacy for PCa treatment by combining PTT with immunotherapy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual-Functional PLGA Nanoparticles Co-Loaded with Indocyanine Green and Resiquimod for Prostate Cancer Treatment

Lin¹,

Li²,

Xu³

et al. 2021

IJN

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“…PSA is also crucial in the follow-up after prostatectomy. Six weeks after primary surgery, PSA is expected to drop to undetectable values; consequently, PSA levels higher than 0.2 ng/ml in at least two subsequent samples are conventionally taken to define the condition of post-prostatectomy biochemical recurrence (BCR) of PC ( 7 , 8 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Radiation therapy (RT) has become pivotal in the treatment of PC. It may represent a radical, exclusive approach for organ-confined or locally advanced disease, and may also be performed as adjuvant or salvage treatment following radical prostatectomy, in cases with adverse pathological features (pT3a-pT3b-pT4 staging high- and very high-risk PC, positive surgical margins), biochemical failure and/or macroscopic evidence of disease recurrence ( 8 , 9 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance in Volumetric Modulated Arc Radiation Therapy Planning for Prostate Cancer Recurrence After Radical Prostatectomy: A Pilot Study

Sardaro

Turi²,

Bardoscia

et al. 2021

Front. Oncol.

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Background and PurposeVolumetric modulated arc radiotherapy (RT) has become pivotal in the treatment of prostate cancer recurrence (RPC) to optimize dose distribution and minimize toxicity, thanks to the high-precision delineation of prostate bed contours and organs at risk (OARs) under multiparametric magnetic resonance (mpMRI) guidance. We aimed to assess the role of pre-treatment mpMRI in ensuring target volume coverage and normal tissue sparing.Material and MethodsPatients with post-prostatectomy RPC eligible for salvage RT were prospectively recruited to this pilot study. Image registration between planning CT scan and T2w pre-treatment mpMRI was performed. Two sets of volumes were outlined, and DWI images/ADC maps were used to facilitate precise gross tumor volume (GTV) delineation on morphological MRI scans. Two rival plans (mpMRI-based or not) were drawn up.ResultsTen patients with evidence of RPC after prostatectomy were eligible. Preliminary data showed lower mpMRI-based clinical target volumes than CT-based RT planning (p = 0.0003): median volume difference 17.5 cm3. There were no differences in the boost volume coverage nor the dose delivered to the femoral heads and penile bulb, but median rectal and bladder V70Gy was 4% less (p = 0.005 and p = 0.210, respectively) for mpMRI-based segmentation.ConclusionsmpMRI provides high-precision target delineation and improves the accuracy of RT planning for post-prostatectomy RPC, ensures better volume coverage with better OARs sparing and allows non-homogeneous dose distribution, with an aggressive dose escalation to the GTV. Randomized phase III trials and wider datasets are needed to fully assess the role of mpMRI in optimizing therapeutic strategies.

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“…Показатель смертности мужского населения от РПЖ занимает 3-е место после злокачественных новообразований трахеи, бронхов, легкого (25,9 %), рака желудка (10,4 %) и составляет 8,2 %. Тактика лечения больных РПЖ определяется на мультидисциплинарном консилиуме с участием онколога-хирурга, лучевого терапевта, химиотерапевта в присутствии пациента, где разъясняются все преимущества и недостатки каждого из методов лечения [5]. Возможными вариантами терапии у данной категории пациентов являются хирургическое лечение [6][7][8] на 1-м этапе или гормонолучевая терапия [9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Surgical treatment of patients with high-risk prostate cancer: long-term outcomes and prognostic factors

et al. 2021

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В зависимости от наличия и количества неблагоприятных факторов прогноза в группах больных РПЖ биохимический рецидив регистрировали с различной частотой, также выявлены различия показателей выживаемости (р <0,0001). В зависимости от числа неблагоприятных факторов прогноза в группах больных РПЖ частота выявления местного рецидива и прогрессирования также различалась: по мере увеличения количества неблагоприятных факторов прогноза показатели выживаемости снижались. Заключение. Для определения рациональной лечебной тактики после хирургического лечения больных РПЖ высокого риска рекомендовано использовать расширенную классификацию (в зависимости от количества неблагоприятных факторов), поскольку количество факторов прогноза оказывает влияние на показатели выживаемости.

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EAU-EANM-ESTRO-ESUR-SIOG Guidelines on Prostate Cancer. Part II—2020 Update: Treatment of Relapsing and Metastatic Prostate Cancer

Cited by 798 publications

References 178 publications

Dual-Functional PLGA Nanoparticles Co-Loaded with Indocyanine Green and Resiquimod for Prostate Cancer Treatment

Dual-Functional PLGA Nanoparticles Co-Loaded with Indocyanine Green and Resiquimod for Prostate Cancer Treatment

The Role of Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance in Volumetric Modulated Arc Radiation Therapy Planning for Prostate Cancer Recurrence After Radical Prostatectomy: A Pilot Study

Surgical treatment of patients with high-risk prostate cancer: long-term outcomes and prognostic factors

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