EB virus-specific IgA in serum of patients with infectious mononucleosis and of healthy people of different ages.

Edwards, J M; Woodroof, M.

doi:10.1136/jcp.32.10.1036

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/ Downloaded from 1970s showed 2 peaks of EBV seroconversion, one at ages 6-7 years and another at ages 14-15 years [16,17]. Although it has been suggested that the first peak of infection is due to virus spread by family members and the second due to virus spread through sexual contact, there is very limited evidence to support this supposition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The 63.7% prevalence of seropositivity in students who had never had sexual intercourse is presumably largely or entirely a consequence of seroconversion in childhood. It is somewhat higher than the 45%-50% seropositivity at ages 10-12 years found in Britain in the 1970s [16,17]; perhaps childhood seroconversion has become more common over time, or some seroconversion unconnected with sexual intercourse may occur at older ages. It seems unlikely that there were appreciable numbers of students who had had sexual intercourse but replied that they had not; the replies in the questionnaires seemed to be very frank, and this is our experience of the students.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…This suggests that, on a statistical basis, only in about half of instances does sexual intercourse with an infected person lead to seroconversion. If EBV seropositive partners infallibly transmitted the virus, then each new partner should give a risk equivalent to the prevalence of seropositivity among persons of that age (or perhaps greater, because partners would, on average, have had more sexual experience than would random persons of the same age), which would be ∼60% [16,17]. The analyses of risk in relationship to long-term sexual relationships suggested that risk of infection by an EBV-positive partner is not increased by greater numbers of episodes of sexual intercourse.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ideally, the analyses would be restricted to individuals who had not seroconverted in childhood and, therefore, were at risk of seroconversion as a consequence of sexual behavior. Previous studies [16,17] indicate that ∼50% of individuals in Britain seroconvert by age 12 years, almost all without clinical illness. Thus, it is probable that many seropositive individuals, if their serological status before their first sexual intercourse had been known, should not have been included in the denominator for the analyses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sexual History and Epstein‐Barr Virus Infection

et al. 2002

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To determine the role of sexual contact in transmission of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and occurrence of infectious mononucleosis (IM), a cross-sectional study was undertaken of EBV serologic testing and histories of IM and sexual behavior among 1006 new students at Edinburgh University. Prevalence of EBV seropositivity was significantly greater among women (79.2%) than among men (67.4%; P<.001) and among those who had ever been sexually active (82.7%) than among those who had not (63.7%; P<.001). Having a greater number of sex partners was a highly significant risk factor for EBV seropositivity. Two thirds of IM cases, but only a tenth of asymptomatic primary EBV infections, were statistically attributable to sexual intercourse. The findings suggest that EBV transmission occurs during sexual intercourse or closely associated behaviors. Transmission in this way appears to account for most cases of IM but for only a minority of cases of asymptomatic EBV infection, which mainly occur at younger ages.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sexual History and Epstein‐Barr Virus Infection

et al. 2002

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“…If, as has been suggested (17), the EB virus is one of the several etiologic agents, the high prevalence of antibodies to EB VCA in adult normal sera makes the use of this feature difficult in seeking a causal relationship. One approach is to examine the sera of children, who have a much lower prevalence of EB virus antibodies (15). However, in a previous study, it has been shown that the prevalence of antibodies to EB VCA in juvenile chronic arthritis corresponds to that expected for their age (2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Titers of Antibodies to Rana in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Normal Sera

Venables

Roffe

Erhardt

et al. 1981

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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The disease specificity of antibodies to rheumatoid arthritis nuclear antigen (RANA) was examined by comparing anti-RANA titers in sera from 100 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with sera from 93 healthy controls. Anti-RANA antibodies were found in 86% of the RA sera and 56% of the controls. The higher titers in the RA sera were unrelated to clinical features or to measurements of circulating immune complexes or rheumatoid factors. To study the relationship of these antibodies to previous Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, antibodies to the EB virus capsid antigen (VCA) were examined and found in 94% of the RA sera and 97% of the adult controls. Four of the six RA sera without anti-VCA antibodies had detectable anti-RANA antibodies, so that we might suggest anti-RANA can arise in the absence of EBV infection. From absorption experiments with non-EBV transformed extracts, we inferred that high anti-RANA titers could be due to reactions with non-Epstein-Barr virus related nuclear antigens. These data cast doubt on current speculation about a possible pathogenic role for Epstein-Barr virus in this disease. Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by a number of immunologic abnormalities that may represent an abnormal response to an infective agent such as a virus (1). Studies (2) of antibodies in children to conventional and well-characterized viral antigens have failed to demonstrate a specific immune response in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to any particular virus, including Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Speculation about a possible etiologic role for EBV in RA has been stimulated by the observations of Alspaugh et a1 (3,4) who demonstrated a precipitating antibody system that was found in 6681% of RA sera and 6 4 % of controls. The reacting antigen RANA, demonstrated by immunofluorescence and immunodiffusion, was detectable only in B cell lines containing the EBV genome or normal human lymphocytes infected with EBV in vitro (5). The claim that anti-RANA antibodies are characteristic of RA has been challenged by their detection with more sensitive techniques in up to 75% of normal sera (6), though the same study has provided stronger evidence of a link with EBV infection by showing that anti-RANA occurred only in normal subjects in whom previous EBV infection could be demonstrated by the presence of antibodies to EB virus capsid antigen (VCA). This finding is at variance with reports (7,8) of RA sera in which anti-RANA antibodies have been described in the absence of previous EBV infection.The purpose of this study was to reexamine the original claim that anti-RANA antibodies are characteristic of RA by using a quantitative immunodiffusion assay to compare titers of anti-RANA antibodies in RA and normal sera, and to examine factors that influence the level of the titers. To investigate the role of EBV infection, the prevalence of antibodies to the

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Immature B cells in fetal development and immunodeficiency: Studies of IgM, IgG, IgA and IgD production in vitro using epstein‐Barr virus activation

Pereira¹,

Webster²,

Platts‐Mills³

1982

Eur J Immunol

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Epstein-Barr virus has been used as a B cell mitogen to explore the parallels between the B cells found in patients with hypogammaglobulinemia and the immature B cells in fetal tissues. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 29 cases of late onset hypogammaglobulinemia (common variable immunodeficiency) and from 10 cases of X-linked hypogammaglobulinemia were depleted of T lymphocytes and stimulated with virus in vitro. Immunoglobulin production was measured over a 4-week culture period using inhibition radioimmunoassays for IgM, IgG, IgA and IgD. The results were compared with those seen with fetal liver cells, cord blood lymphocytes and adult lymphocytes. Virus-stimulated cells from fetal sources produced small amounts of IgG and IgA relative to IgM, the ratio of IgM to IgG in the second week being in all cases greater than 10. Similar patterns were seen in 25/29 cases of late onset hypogammaglobulinemia, and in the eight cases of X-linked hypogammaglobulinemia that responded in vitro. In contrast, the ratio of IgM to IgG was always less than 8 in cultures of normal adult peripheral blood or bone marrow lymphocytes, and also in cultures from four cases of hypogammaglobulinemia known independently to have abnormal circulating suppressor cells. Eight cases of selective IgA deficiency showed reduced IgA production; six of these showed a normal ratio of IgM to IgG production. Thus, the B lymphocytes which circulate in many patients with hypogammaglobulinemia are functionally immature.

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EB virus-specific IgA in serum of patients with infectious mononucleosis and of healthy people of different ages.

Abstract: SUMMARY The following sera were tested for EB virus-specific IgA: serial sera from 61 cases of infectious mononucleosis (IM) and from 195 EBV IgG positive healthy students; single sera from each of 1469 persons of different ages, 63 cases of untreated Hodgkin's disease, and 22 neonates.

Cited by 22 publications

References 13 publications

Sexual History and Epstein‐Barr Virus Infection

Sexual History and Epstein‐Barr Virus Infection

Titers of Antibodies to Rana in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Normal Sera

Immature B cells in fetal development and immunodeficiency: Studies of IgM, IgG, IgA and IgD production in vitro using epstein‐Barr virus activation

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