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Objective of the Review: To justify the need in female immunisation during various age periods. Key Points. Full-scale immunisation of girls and young women ensures their protection against infections, later — protection of their foetus and newborns who have transplacental antibodies from their mothers. Full-scale female immunisation is essential because of the severity of infectious processes in pregnant women and unfavourable impact for the foetus and newborn. There are more and more evidences that maternal immunisation is safe, well-tolerated and efficient both for pregnant women and their newborns. High IgG levels can pass through placenta to the baby, reducing the risk of transmission of infection to the baby and activating passive immunity in early years. In postpartum period, inactivated and/or live vaccines are safe both for breastfeeding women and their infants. Conclusion. Vaccination is an efficient and safe way to prevent infections and their consequences throughout the life of a woman and her child. Lower vaccination rates cause controlled infection outbreaks, incapacitation and fatal cases, poor epidemical situation, and higher burden for the healthcare system. Keywords: immunisation, vaccination, pregnancy.
Objective of the Review: To justify the need in female immunisation during various age periods. Key Points. Full-scale immunisation of girls and young women ensures their protection against infections, later — protection of their foetus and newborns who have transplacental antibodies from their mothers. Full-scale female immunisation is essential because of the severity of infectious processes in pregnant women and unfavourable impact for the foetus and newborn. There are more and more evidences that maternal immunisation is safe, well-tolerated and efficient both for pregnant women and their newborns. High IgG levels can pass through placenta to the baby, reducing the risk of transmission of infection to the baby and activating passive immunity in early years. In postpartum period, inactivated and/or live vaccines are safe both for breastfeeding women and their infants. Conclusion. Vaccination is an efficient and safe way to prevent infections and their consequences throughout the life of a woman and her child. Lower vaccination rates cause controlled infection outbreaks, incapacitation and fatal cases, poor epidemical situation, and higher burden for the healthcare system. Keywords: immunisation, vaccination, pregnancy.
Objective Data on the immune response to SARS‐CoV‐2 during pregnancy are lacking and the potential role and effect of SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination in pregnancy is yet to be completely investigated. Method This is a cross‐sectional observational study wherein pregnant women were tested for SARS‐CoV‐2 immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G levels, irrespective of their infective status or presence or symptomatology. Result Of the 220 pregnant women tested, 160 (72.7%) were SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG positive, 37 (16.8%) were SARS‐CoV‐2 IgM positive and 27 (16.9%) were both IgG and IgM positive. The average antibody titer found was 10.49 BAU/ml (±14.0) and 0.6 (±0.55) for anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG and IgM non neutralizing antibodies respectively. ROC analysis for SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG positivity showed a cut‐off value of 1.19 with a sensitivity of 99.3% (0.99 AUC, 95% CI) and specificity of 98.3% (0.99 AUC, 95% CI), respectively. Similarly, ROC analysis for SARS‐CoV‐2 IgM positivity showed a cut‐off value of 1 with a sensitivity of 97.3% (0.99 AUC, 95% CI) and specificity of 98.9% (0.99 AUC, 95% CI), respectively. Conclusion First trimester sero‐molecular screening suggests a high prevalence of COVID antibodies in the study population of pregnant women in the first trimester, without the patients being symptomatic.
The preconception period is a unique and opportunistic time in a woman's life when she is motivated to adopt healthy behaviors that will benefit her and her child, making this time period a critical “window of opportunity” to improve short‐ and long‐term health. Improving preconception health can ultimately improve both fetal and maternal outcomes. Promoting health before conception has several beneficial effects, including an increase in seeking antenatal care and a reduction in neonatal mortality. Preconception health is a broad concept that encompasses the management of chronic diseases, including optimal nutrition, adequate consumption of folic acid, control of body weight, adoption of healthy lifestyles, and receipt of appropriate vaccinations. Use of the FIGO Preconception Checklist, which includes the key elements of optimal preconception care, will empower women and their healthcare providers to better prepare women and their families for pregnancy.
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