Ebola virus vaccines: an overview of current approaches

Marzi, Andrea; Feldmann, Heinz

doi:10.1586/14760584.2014.885841

Cited by 124 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Only two of the three EVD patients tested had detectable CD8 T-cell responses against the viral GP. Two Ebola virus vaccine candidates are being evaluated in phase 1 trials for human use (25), and both express only viral GP. One of these vaccine candidates, the cAd3-EBO vaccine, is aimed at generating T-cell responses, which correlate with protection induced by this vaccine in the nonhuman primate model (26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Ebola virus infection results in substantial immune activation

McElroy

Akondy

Davis

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

272

311

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Four Ebola patients received care at Emory University Hospital, presenting a unique opportunity to examine the cellular immune responses during acute Ebola virus infection. We found striking activation of both B and T cells in all four patients. Plasmablast frequencies were 10-50% of B cells, compared with less than 1% in healthy individuals. Many of these proliferating plasmablasts were IgG-positive, and this finding coincided with the presence of Ebola virus-specific IgG in the serum. Activated CD4 T cells ranged from 5 to 30%, compared with 1-2% in healthy controls. The most pronounced responses were seen in CD8 T cells, with over 50% of the CD8 T cells expressing markers of activation and proliferation. Taken together, these results suggest that all four patients developed robust immune responses during the acute phase of Ebola virus infection, a finding that would not have been predicted based on our current assumptions about the highly immunosuppressive nature of Ebola virus. Also, quite surprisingly, we found sustained immune activation after the virus was cleared from the plasma, observed most strikingly in the persistence of activated CD8 T cells, even 1 mo after the patients' discharge from the hospital. These results suggest continued antigen stimulation after resolution of the disease. From these convalescent time points, we identified CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses to several Ebola virus proteins, most notably the viral nucleoprotein. Knowledge of the viral proteins targeted by T cells during natural infection should be useful in designing vaccines against Ebola virus.Ebola infection | human immune response | immune activation | plasmablasts | T cells

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Ebola virus infection results in substantial immune activation

McElroy

Akondy

Davis

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

272

311

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Although unexplained hemorrhage (such as bruising and bleeding), kidney and liver dysfunction, cardiovascular distress and hypovolemic shock may occur as well in more serious cases [3][4][5][6]. Although several compounds have been proposed to treat this pathogenic disease [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15], neither approved antiviral drugs nor vaccines are available in the market right now, and most of the drugs that have been given for the Ebola patients only meant to reduce the current symptoms, not directly targeting the virus [16]. Moreover, the extortionate cost of the newly-developed, non-FDA-approved drug makes the Ebola treatment, especially in poverty areas such as Africa, render ineffective [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of novel Ebola virus (EBOV) VP24 inhibitor from Indonesian natural products through in silico drug design approach

Tambunan¹,

Nasution²

2017

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Sensitivity differences between microporous NaY and hierarchical ZSM-5 modified electrodes as ammonia gas sensor AIP Conference Proceedings 1862, 030081 (2017) Abstract. Ebola remains as one of the deadliest diseases in the world, with almost 29,000 cases were reported and kill 11,000 of them, and yet neither treatment nor vaccine that can combat this disease effectively. This disease is caused by ebolavirus (EBOV), a primary member of Filoviridae family. The life cycle of this virus has been operated by several key proteins, one of them is VP24 protein, which has been known for its crucial role in the transcription and replication of EBOV. Therefore, targeting VP24 protein can be a solution for treating this pathogenic disease. In this study, virtual screening of Indonesian natural products as EBOV VP24 inhibitor was performed. About 2,020 ligands from many sources, including HerbalDB database, were obtained and screened by using DataWarrior software to measure its molecular and pharmacological properties, resulting 301 ligands in the process. Then, the molecular docking simulation was performed to check the ligand's binding interaction and affinity with EBOV VP24 protein; this simulation was done by using MOE 2014.09 software. This study resulted that cycloartocarpin was the best ligand to inhibit the EBOV VP24 protein. Therefore, this ligand should be checked its stability through molecular dynamics simulation and performed in vitro test to verify its bioactivity against the EBOV VP24 protein.

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“…Research into countermeasure development was expanded, and within several years the first successful vaccine and treatment studies against EBOV infection in animal models were published [5]. Before the West African EBOV epidemic, only two vaccines were tested in human phase I clinical trials with limited success [5].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Before the West African EBOV epidemic, only two vaccines were tested in human phase I clinical trials with limited success [5]. However, after the global health emergency was declared by the WHO in summer 2014, several experimental vaccine approaches and treatment options, which had previously been successfully tested in nonhuman primates (NHPs), were accelerated into human clinical trials [6].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%