EC-ElGamal and Genetic Algorithm-Based Enhancement for Lightweight Scalable Blockchain in IoT Domain

Abstract

Security, data privacy and decentralization are significant challenges in the Internet of Things (IoT) domain. These challenges are inherited attribute of another emerging technology, Blockchain. This enforced convergence of IoT and Blockchain, attracting researchers to study on the effective use of Blockchain's strength to solve the challenges of IoT. Rapid IoT adoption requires standardization and mature solution on security, data protection for compliance and performance for commercialization. These demands made a surge in variant blockchain flavours and combinations catering to different problems, and one such is Lightweight Scalable Blockchain (LSB). LSB had considerable caveats that require improvement for better adoption in the IoT domain. This paper focuses on encrypting transaction transmission, improving transaction flow, block validation, hash quality, hash rate and storage cost to improvise security and performance. The experimental evaluation is demonstrated on data from the temperature sensor to showcase superior applicability of the proposed work in the IoT domain. Implementation and result comparison with conventional LSB proves, the following achievements 1) An additional layer of transaction encryption using hybrid Elliptic Curve ElGamal (EC-ElGamal) method increases the security of the transmitted transaction for security enhancement. 2) Obtained 20% reduction in transaction processing time, 22% reduction on block validation processing time, 53% improvement on the hash operation and quality with an overall 7% saving on the storage cost thereby increased the overall performance.

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“…Gene inversions can be classified as single or multiple inversions. Single-point inversions are performed by inverting only one substring of a chromosome, while multipoint inversions are performed by inverting j substrings of a chromosome with a random number j(1 ≤ j ≤ u) for a pre-given positive integer u [21][22][23].…”

An efficient dynamic access control and security sharing scheme using blockchain

“…In this section, we review some of the methods for finding the problem formulation of the blockchain technology required for developing efficient security enhancement. Guruprakash and Koppu (2020) Guo et al (2021) introduced efficient traceable attribute-based encryption with dynamic access control (TABE-DAC). Blockchains are also used to integrate access control and distributed storage for the sharing of personal information.…”

An empirical study to demonstrate that EdDSA can be used as a performance improvement alternative to ECDSA in Blockchain and IoT

“…They showed that application of ECC significantly help to improve the overall performance. Healthcare Storage optimisation, Efficiency improvement, Access control, Authentication, Security enhancement, Privacy, Identity management [22], [23], [28], [36], [37] IoT Mobile Privacy, Authentication, Key generation, Privacy-preserving, Security enhancement [35], [26] Security Enhancement Enhance security, Runtime optimisation [42], [72] ECDSA Cloud Cloud storage Performance improvement, Security enhancement, Storage, Signature , Privacy, Data management [27], [33], [41], [31] Cryptocurrency Signature generation verification, Provability, Privacy, Enhanced security, Identity Key management [29], [34], [38], [40], [24] Electric vehicle Storage, Security enhancement, Privacy, protection [37], [25], [39] Table 3: Application of ECC in blockchain.…”

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