Eccentric arm cycling: physiological characteristics and potential applications with healthy populations

Elmer, Steven J.; Marshall, Camden S.; McGinnis, Keith R.; Haitsma, Timothy A. Van; LaStayo, Paul C.

doi:10.1007/s00421-013-2687-7

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…12 men reported no difference. Reported intensity in concentric exercises was 14.6 ± 4 (BORG-Scale, [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] In women, no myocardial infarct could be detected. Blood pressure was increased in 3 and an Arrhythmia was four times reported.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strength training in seniors: The knowledge of positive aspects of eccentric training in elderly is sparse

Gasser

Zosso

2017

jhse

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Eccentric (lengthening) resistance training respectively muscle work requires a lower share of cardiac activity in comparison to concentric (shortening) muscle work. Especially in seniors suffering from cardiovascular diseases (still the most common cause of death in industrialized countries) this kind of activity is predisposed due to its possibility of high stimulation of musculoskeletal system only partly (20-25%) stimulating cardiovascular system. Comprehension of positive aspects was addressed for a sample of people doing regular work out while having access to concentric and eccentric training stations. 38 females (57 ± 15.7 years / 163.3 ± 19.4 cm / 63.6 ± 10.4 kg) and 36 males (57.6 ± 16.9 years / 177.4 ± 6.9 cm / 80.6 ± 8.7 kg) visiting at least once a week a fitness mall with access to eccentric and concentric training stations were asked concerning cardiovascular diseases, their corresponding risk factors and their own experience with eccentric muscle training. Differences in the perception of eccentric muscle training compared to concentric training were reported by 18 women and 24 men, however reported Rates of perceived Exertion measured by BORG-Scale (6-20) did not significantly differ. A positive Bias that especially persons with cardiovascular illnesses respectively risk factors preferred this kind of activity was not detectable and knowledge of positive aspects of eccentric training was sparse. General practitioners are encouraged to inform patients of the existence of positive aspects of eccentric muscle training and to motivate patients to absolve their training respectively.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strength training in seniors: The knowledge of positive aspects of eccentric training in elderly is sparse

Gasser

Zosso

2017

jhse

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“…• Abbott et al's original experiment (2) • Followup experiments (3,6,7,12) • Historical perspectives (4,11) • Mechanisms of lengthening contractions (16,22,39,41) • Negative work training with clinical (5, 17-19, 28 -31, 40, 42, 44) and athletic (10,20,32,33,35,38) populations • Review articles (24,27,34,45)…”

Section: Wider Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Back to the future! Revisiting the physiological cost of negative work as a team-based activity for exercise physiology students

Kilgas

Elmer

2017

Advances in Physiology Education

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We implemented a team-based activity in our exercise physiology teaching laboratory that was inspired from Abbott et al.'s classic 1952 paper titled "The physiological cost of negative work." Abbott et al. connected two bicycles via one chain. One person cycled forward (muscle shortening contractions, positive work) while the other resisted the reverse moving pedals (muscle lengthening contractions, negative work), and the cost of work was compared. This study was the first to link human whole body energetics with isolated muscle force-velocity characteristics. The laboratory activity for our students ( = 35) was designed to reenact Abbott et al.'s experiment, integrate previously learned techniques, and illustrate differences in physiological responses to muscle shortening and lengthening contractions. Students (11-12 students/laboratory section) were split into two teams (positive work vs. negative work). One student from each team volunteered to cycle against the other for ~10 min. The remaining students in each team were tasked with measuring: ) O consumption, ) heart rate,) blood lactate, and ) perceived exertion. Students discovered that O consumption during negative work was about one-half that of positive work and all other physiological parameters were also substantially lower. Muscle lengthening contractions were discussed and applied to rehabilitation and sport training. The majority of students (>90%) agreed or strongly agreed that they stayed engaged during the activity and it improved their understanding of exercise physiology. All students recommended the activity be performed again. This activity was engaging, emphasized teamwork, yielded clear results, was well received, and preserved the history of classic physiological experiments.

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“…1 Likewise, the story of Bigland quickly tiring out Ritchie has been passed on in the literature (Isner-Horobeti et al, 2013;Lindstedt et al, 2001), laboratory and classroom. Further, our group (Elmer et al, 2013a;Elmer et al, 2013b) recently re-visited this historic work by comparing the cost of positive and negative work during upper body arm cycle ergometry, and the results suggest that the unique physiological characteristics of lengthening contractions are consistent and, for the most part, generalizable across muscle groups. These examples , the participant's leg muscles (e.g.…”

Section: Classicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another important observation was that less energy was liberated during active lengthening (Abbott et al, 1951;Fenn, 1924). With these unique differences in mind, Abbott's team set out to apply these previous findings specifically to human exercise, and Abbott et al's experimental finding has been verified repeatedly by subsequent investigators (Bigland-Ritchie and Woods, 1976;Dufour et al, 2007;Dufour et al, 2004;Elmer et al, 2013a;Elmer et al, 2013b;Henriksson et al, 1972;Perrey et al, 2001). In fact, the design of the 1952 experiment was suggested by A. V. Hill (Bigland-Ritchie, 1995), who was exploring muscle as a thermodynamic machine by correlating the mechanical events and heat production associated with contraction and recovery.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Revisiting the positive aspects of negative work

Elmer

LaStayo

2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Eccentric arm cycling: physiological characteristics and potential applications with healthy populations

Cited by 14 publications

References 47 publications

Strength training in seniors: The knowledge of positive aspects of eccentric training in elderly is sparse

Strength training in seniors: The knowledge of positive aspects of eccentric training in elderly is sparse

Back to the future! Revisiting the physiological cost of negative work as a team-based activity for exercise physiology students

Revisiting the positive aspects of negative work

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