Eccentric contraction-induced muscle injury does not change walking economy in older adults

Gault, Mandy L.; Clements, Richard E.; Willems, Mark E. T.

doi:10.2478/v10078-011-0005-1

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Although these changes are typical following downhill walking (> 40 min) in healthy young adults (Ahmadi et al, 2008;Maeo et al, 2015;Maeo et al, 2017;Nakayama et al, 2019), limited data exist describing changes in muscle force following downhill walking in older people. Gault et al (2011) observed a 15% decline in maximal isometric voluntary contraction of the knee extensor muscles 48 h following a 30 min downhill (−10%) treadmill walk at a self-selected walking speed (4.6 km•hr −1 ). These changes in isometric muscle torque were considerably less than the changes observed in the present study.…”

Section: Fatigue and Recovery Profiles Following Eccentric Exercisementioning

confidence: 96%

Delayed Impairment of Postural, Physical, and Muscular Functions Following Downhill Compared to Level Walking in Older People

et al. 2020

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Transient symptoms of muscle damage emanating from unaccustomed eccentric exercise can adversely affect muscle function and potentially increase the risk of falling for several days. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to investigate the shorterand longer-lasting temporal characteristics of muscle fatigue and damage induced by level (i.e., concentrically biased contractions) or downhill (i.e., eccentrically biased contractions) walking on postural, physical, and muscular functions in older people. Nineteen participants were matched in pairs for sex, age and self-selected walking speed and allocated to a level (n = 10, age = 72.3 ± 2.9 years) or downhill (n = 9, age = 72.1 ± 2.2 years) walking group. Postural sway, muscle torque and power, physical function (5× and 60 s sit-to-stand; STS), and mobility (Timed-Up-and-Go; TUG) were evaluated at baseline (pre-exercise), 1 min, 15 min, 30 min, 24 h, and 48 h after 30 min of level (0% gradient) or downhill (−10% gradient) walking on a treadmill. Following downhill walking, postural sway (+66 to 256%), TUG (+29%), 60 s STS (+29%), five times STS (−25%) and concentric power (−33%) did not change at 1-30 min post exercise, but were significantly different (p < 0.05) at 24 and48 h postexercise when compared to baseline (p < 0.05). Muscle torque decreased immediately after downhill walking and remained impaired at 48 h post-exercise (−27 to −38%). Immediately following level walking there was an increase in postural sway (+52 to +98%), slower TUG performance (+29%), fewer STS cycles in 60 s (−23%), slower time to reach five STS cycles (+20%) and impaired muscle torque (−23%) and power (−19%) which returned to baseline 30-min after exercise cessation (p > 0.05). These findings have established for the first time distinct impairment profiles between concentric and eccentric exercise. Muscle damage emanating from eccentrically biased exercise can lead to muscle weakness, postural instability and impaired physical function persisting for several days, possibly endangering older adult's safety during activities of daily living by increasing the risk of falls.

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Section: Fatigue and Recovery Profiles Following Eccentric Exercisementioning

confidence: 96%

Delayed Impairment of Postural, Physical, and Muscular Functions Following Downhill Compared to Level Walking in Older People

et al. 2020

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“…Gault et al's (2012) findings showed as maximal isokinetic force on lower limbs was not modified after exercise intervention, whilst mobility capacity increased, which could be a reflection of improved balance and coordination but not of strength changes. In a previous paper, the same authors argued that similar experimental conditions induced a muscular injury (Gault, Clements, & Willems, 2011) because the maximal leg force decreased 48 hours after with respect to baseline and it is a well‐known fact that muscle cell trauma is a typical procedure which increases muscular force (LaStayo, Pierotti, Pifer, Hoppeler, & Lindstedt, 2000; Lindstedt, LaStayo, & Reich, 2001). Finally, in a more recent paper, which assessed isometric maximal contractions, Gault and Willems (2013) obtained an increase of about 5% in leg force in healthy older adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Downhill walking to improve lower limb strength in healthy young adults

Rodio

Fattorini

2014

European Journal of Sport Science

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Purpose. backward descent of stairs is associated with improved muscle strength and reduced joint stress, but the effect of back ward ascent of stairs on lower limb muscle strength has not been reported. This study compared the effects of forward and backward stair climbing on lower limb muscle strength in apparently healthy young adults. Methods. The total of 31 young volunteers were allocated to either forward or backward stair climbing group (n = 16 and 15, respectively). Dynamic quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength was assessed in addition to thigh girth at baseline and at weeks 4 and 8 with the use of the repetitive maximum method and tape measure, respectively. Results. between baseline and week 8, muscular strength in both groups (quadriceps: 14.4 ± 3.6 to 16.4 ± 3.4 kg; 14.0 ± 2.9 to 15.3 ± 2.7 kg; hamstring: 12.2 ± 3.2 to 13.4 ± 3.2; 11.7 ± 2.5 to 12.9 ± 2.7 kg) increased significantly (p < 0.05) while the increase in thigh girth was not significant (p > 0.05). The groups were comparable in all three measures post intervention. Conclusions. Forward and backward stair climbing protocols are effective for improving the dynamic strength of the hamstring and quadriceps muscles of apparently healthy young adults. Thus, either protocol could be used for the improvement of lower limbs dynamic muscle strength. Citation: Olagbegi OM, Adegoke bO, Christie CJ, bolarinde OS, Jegede JA. Effects of an eightweek stepladder exercise pro tocol on lower limb muscular strength of apparently healthy young adults.

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Functional mobility of older adults after concentric and eccentric endurance exercise

2012

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Age-associated decline in muscle mass and strength impairs functional mobility in older adults. We examined the effects of an eccentric endurance exercise programme (downhill treadmill walking, DTW) at a self-selected walking speed (SSWS) on functional mobility and eccentric and concentric strength of m. quadriceps femoris of older adults. Twenty-four older adults (67 ± 4 years) were randomly assigned to complete 3 × 30 min treadmill walks per week for 12 weeks on a level (n = 11, LTW 0%) or downhill (n = 13, DTW -10%) treadmill gradient at SSWS. SSWS was re-adjusted every 4 weeks. Participants were assessed for five repetition sit-to-stand (5-RSTS), maximal walking speed (MWS), timed up-and-go (TUG) and dynamic strength. SSWS was similar for both groups with increases from 1.18 ± 0.11 to 1.53 ± 0.09 m s(-1) (LTW) and 1.26 ± 0.16 to 1.61 ± 0.12 m s(-1) (DTW) (time, P < 0.01). Improvements in 5-RSTS, MWS and TUG were substantial and similar for both groups (time, P < 0.01). 5-RSTS (baseline LTW: 8.50 ± 1.19 s, DTW: 8.54 ± 1.52 s) improved by 32 and 34%. MWS (baseline LTW: 2.39 ± 0.38 m s(-1), DTW: 2.40 ± 0.33 m s(-1)) improved by 22 and 23%. TUG (baseline LTW: 5.58 ± 0.51 s, DTW: 5.46 ± 0.89 s) improved by 22% for both groups. Peak eccentric and concentric torque did not change. Knee angle of concentric peak torque (180° s(-1)) was decreased after 12 weeks in both groups (LTW: 37° ± 16° to 26° ± 14°, DTW: 42° ± 18° to 37° ± 16°, P < 0.05). Regular level and downhill treadmill walking by older adults, at a SSWS, results in substantial improvements in functional mobility. Changes in functional mobility were not explained by changes in dynamic strength of the m. quadriceps femoris.

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Eccentric contraction-induced muscle injury does not change walking economy in older adults

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

Delayed Impairment of Postural, Physical, and Muscular Functions Following Downhill Compared to Level Walking in Older People

Delayed Impairment of Postural, Physical, and Muscular Functions Following Downhill Compared to Level Walking in Older People

Downhill walking to improve lower limb strength in healthy young adults

Functional mobility of older adults after concentric and eccentric endurance exercise

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